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Principles and Approaches in Teaching Pronunciation :!!: - Coggle Diagram
Principles and Approaches in Teaching Pronunciation
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Factors Affecting Pronunciation
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The Learner's First Language
It is important to consider how phonemically different the learner's first language is from English. However, even if the learner's first language is phonetically similar to English, it does not mean that they will have an easy time with pronunciation. Case-by-case basis?
Age
There is much debate regarding the belief that the younger you are, the more likely you can acquire a second language without an accent. Nonetheless, it is possible for an adult to be comprehensible in their English pronunciation
Motivation/Expectations/Exposure to English
I lumped all of these together because I believe that they are all interrelated. A learner must be motivated to go outside of their comfort zone and be in environments in which they are forced to push their English abilities. Additionally, a learner must have realistic expectations of attaining intelligible speech. It is not likely that a learner will sound like a native speaker, so the ESL teacher can manage those expectations. Lastly, a learner should try to expose themselves to English as much as possible to get the practice they need.
Why Pronunciation in important for learners
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In the 80s and 90s, pronunciation teaching was not a priority
Communicative instruction was viewed as more important
Pronunciation exercises consisted of mechanical drills and practicing sounds in isolation. This is not helpful because individual letters sound different when they are pronounced in an entire word
Pronunciation can be the deciding factor in determining if a person is unintelligible
It is true that jobs want employees with good communication skills, but this requires the speaker to be understood by others.
There are, unfortunately, many stereotypes that employers hold toward non-native speakers of English
Aspects of Pronunciation to Teach Learners
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Performance
This refers to the intelligibility (ability to make oneself understood) and communicability (ability to meet communicative demands)
Areas of Pronunciation
Segmental refers to the sounds of the language
Suprasegmental is the stress, rhythm, and intonation patterns of the language.
Key Takeaways
We should make learners aware of how phonemes sound different when paired with other letters
EX: /b/ vs. bat
We can also make them aware of the words they should stress in sentences
I lost my
red
scarf.
Approaches to Teaching Pronunciation
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Listening Discrimination
Tests a learner's ability to understand sounds and patterns of the language. EX: Activities where you connect vowel sounds to colors, identify the stress in words,
Controlled Practice
Activities that allow learners to pronounce sounds/words in a meaningful way. Such as role playing, word search, and chain stories
Communication Practice
The teacher can set up an activity that mimics real life communicative situations. This can be done through information-gap activities and word association responses
It is critical that the teacher makes time to practice pronunciation. It helps learners to make their English abilities more intelligible