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Traumatic Stress, Symptoms of Students Affected by Natural Disasters,…

- - - - Bystanders to Bullying
        
        An Upstander is someone who takes action when they witness bullying. Even one person’s support can make a big difference for someone who is being bullied. When youth who are bullied are defended and supported by their peers, they are less anxious and depressed than those who are not.
        
        There are many things that bystanders to bullying can do to become upstanders:
        
        Question the bullying behavior. Simple things like changing the subject or questioning the behavior can shift the focus.
        
        Use humor to say something funny and redirect the conversation.
        
        There is strength in numbers too! Bystanders can intervene as a group to show there are several people who don’t agree with the bullying.
        
        Walk with the person who is the target of bullying to help diffuse potential bullying interactions.
        
        Reach out privately to check in with the person who was bullied to let them know you do not agree with it and that you care. It makes a difference.
        
        *Bystanders to Bullying
    - - Classroom Level
        
        Individual Level
- - - - being fearful of a parent
      - saying they hate a parent
      - talking badly about themselves (such as saying, “I’m stupid”)
      - seeming emotionally immature when compared to peers
      - exhibiting sudden changes in speech (such as stuttering)
      - experiencing a sudden change in behavior (such as doing poorly in school)
    - - Short and Long Term Effects of Emotional Abuse
        
        May have feelings of:
        
        confusion
        
        fear
        
        hopelessness
        
        shame
        
        difficulty concentrating
        
        moodiness
        
        muscle tension
        
        nightmares
        
        racing heartbeat
        
        various aches and pains
        
        low self-esteem and depression
        
        anxiety
        
        chronic pain
        
        guilt
        
        insomnia
        
        social withdrawal or loneliness
      - Build positive relationships
      - Create a positive mindset space
      - Use brain breaks
      - Implement Social and Emotional Learning
      - Build resilience skills
- - - - Crying
      - Chronic fatigue
      - Excessive sleeping
      - Insomnia
      - Body aches
      - Digestive issues
      - Headaches
      - Physical sensations similar to those of a panic attack
      - Drastic change in appetite, usually a loss in appetite
    - - Shock
      - Annoyance
      - Nightmares
      - Trouble focusing or concentrating
      - Anger
      - Feelings of anxiety
      - Emotional numbness
      - Extreme sadness
      - Worry
      - Frustration
      - Confusion
      - Guilt
      - Longing
      - Reactive depression
- - - - Responsive:
        Reach out school psychologist and counselors
      - Proactive:
        
        Schools and classrooms start to build respect/tolerance culture. Make sure all the settings and lesson plans are inclusive. Help all children to feel good about their race, ethnicity, culture and faith. Challenge gender stereotypes, for example that there is a “typical boy” or “typical girl”. This will help children feel happier in themselves and help create a sense of belonging at school.
        
        Use 5 Steps to Mental Health and Wellbeing
        
        Engage families and communities. Parents can learn to teach kids they can anticipate and recognize the elements of racial and gender discrimination through reading picture books such as The Day You Begin
- - - - Statistics
        
        40.3 million slaves globally, more than any other time in human history
        
        81% trapped in forced labor
        
        25% kids
        
        75% female
        
        $150 billion dollar industry
        
        Less than 1% ever rescued
    - - The act of recruiting, harboring, transporting or obtaining a person for commercial sex or labor through force, fraud or coercion.
        
        3 Key Elements
        
        The force or coercion of the victim
        
        The abuse and exploitation
        
        The Transportation of the person
    - - Violence
      - Threat
      - Deception
      - Debt bondage
      - Targets for Recruitment
        
        Runaway children
        
        Foster children
        
        People addicted to drugs
        
        Women and girls in impoverished communities
        
        Exploited for immigration status, debt, education, language, family
      - Silence Compliance Model
        
        Factors that promote victims’ seeming willingness to comply to their traffickers’ demands
        
        COERSION: Victims are coerced by being brutalized and threatened. Basic necessities of life are withheld from them. This creates a sense of helplessness.
        
        COLLUSION: Victims are then forced to collude with the traffickers as a result of their relative isolation, fear, false sense of belonging, and complete dependence on the trafficker.
        
        CONTRITION: Victims feel contrite, ashamed, stigmatized, and remorseful of the things they have been made to do.
      - Why don't girls just leave these situations or call the police?
        
        "Why does a prostitute need a pimp? To guide her, to love her, to protect her. The pimp is her father that she never had. He is that big brother that she misses, or the boyfriend from back in the day. ... He is the popular guy in school that never paid her attention in class. To her, he is what Christ is to a Christian. …The blood that pumps in her heart and keeps her legs moving. Without him, there's no her," Carlos Curtis, who is serving life in prison for sex trafficking a 12-year-old girl from New York to Washington, D.C.
    - - Mood Disorders
      - Major Depressive Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
      - Anxiety Disorders
      - Generalized Anxiety Disorder
      - Panic Disorder
      - PTSD
      - Substance Use Disorders
    - - The average age for a child to be trafficked is under 15 years old
      - According the San Diego DA's Office, at least 90% of all school are been affected by human trafficking.
      - 70% of victims are initially recruited on-line.
      - Link to Video about Human Trafficking in School Age children in US schools
      - Signs to Look for as a teacher
        
        • An older or controlling “boyfriend” or “girlfriend”
        
        • Unexplained absences or a sharp drop in grades
        
        • Frequently running away from home
        
        • Social isolation from friends and family
        
        • Drug addiction
        
        • Bruises or other signs of physical trauma
        
        • Hunger or clothing not suited to the place/weather
        
        • Coached or rehearsed responses to questions
        
        • Sudden change in behavior, relationships or material possessions (e.g., expensive clothes or accessories)
        
        • More than one mobile phone (e.g., one for parents, another for the trafficker and a third for johns)
        
        • Uncharacteristic promiscuity or references to sex that are inappropriate for the age
        
        • Highly sexual clothing or online profile
        
        • Poor personal hygiene
        
        • Tattoos or burns (branding) displaying the name or moniker of the trafficker (e.g., “Daddy’s girl”)
        
        • References to frequent travel to other cities
      - Teachers are Mandatory Reporters. YOU MUST REPORT IT!
        
        National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) 24/7 Hotline: 888-373-7888 (toll-free) Text line: BeFree (233733) (send “Help” or “Info”)
        
        Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 800-CALL-FBI (800-225-5324) Online tip form: https://tips.fbi.gov Find an office: www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field Internet Crime Complaint Center: www.ic3.gov
        
        This is issue is beyond your abilities to 'handle'. Your student will likely need professional medical and counseling support that may last years. The sooner you report the crime and facilitate help for your student, the better future that your student will have. Many school age victims, once they have been rescued, end up dropping out of school and never getting an education. This is why so many victims of this scourge end of going back into the life. They see no hope of having a 'normal' life. So, if you suspect that one of you students has been trafficked or is being groomed for trafficking, then you need to report it to the authorities immediately!
    - - A closer look at human trafficking in San Diego County - The Coast News Group. (2018, June 21). The Coast News Group; https://www.facebook.com/TheCoastNewsGroup/. https://thecoastnews.com/human-trafficking-in-san-diego-county/
      - Prevention Project | Human Trafficking Prevention Education. (n.d.). Prevention Project. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://www.prevention-project.org/home/
      - Study of Human Trafficking in San Diego - Partners Against eXploitation - University of San Diego. (n.d.). University of San Diego. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://www.sandiego.edu/pax/research/
      - The Educator’s Human Trafficking Awareness & Prevention Toolkit. (n.d.). Human Trafficking Search. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://humantraffickingsearch.org/the-educators-human-trafficking-awareness-prevention-toolkit/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwrJOMBhCZARIsAGEd4VHKYXhKou8PojN3KK8IBR0BMzrTXPjWjJuLq5YusHUQNkGWRnFuOXYaAsO5EALw_wcB
      - The Problem – San Diego Trafficking Prevention Collective. (n.d.). San Diego Trafficking Prevention Collective. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://www.sandiegotpc.org/the-problem/