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MANAGEMENT LEVEL, MANAGEMENT FUNCTION, TEMPORAL HORIZON - Coggle Diagram
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
Strategic level
Decisions are made by decision-makers at the apex of the hierarchical pyramid or top managers, considering the relationship between the organization and the environment.
Tactical or functional level
These decisions are made by middle managers, and can be repetitive; the degree of repetitions is enough to rely on precedents; mistakes do not imply very strong penalties unless they accumulate.
Operational level
Here operational decisions are made by executives who are at the lowest level. These decisions are related to the current activities of the company. The degree of repeatability is high
Type of decisions that tailor the objective.
Type of decisions that consider the context.
This style of decision-making is characterized by a low tolerance to ambiguity and a completely rational way of thinking.
It is made by those people with a high degree of logical reasoning
Who are capable of quick decision-making and focus on short terms
Their efficiency and speed in decision-making allow them to get a solution with minimal information and few assessed alternatives
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION
Planning
It is to plan the future based on what we have, what we want, what we can and what we expect to achieve in a definite period.
Organization.
In this structure, hierarchy levels, communication channels, hierarchical routes, commands, positions and advisers have to be well defined, so that everyone knows what to do, as well as who commands, who obeys and who has responsibility or authority in certain operations.
Management.
Directing, canalizing, supporting, solving, resolving, correcting, encouraging, coordinating, reinforcing, inducing, motivating, propitiating are actions that are included in the management function.
Control.
Today each of the previous stages work in the control.
We could define this function as those actions carried out by the management of the company, aimed at coordinating and integrating all the productive factors available to achieve the raised objectives
Actions that are executed by the top management.
Actions that are aimed to coordinate all the available resources in order to
achieve the raised goals
TEMPORAL HORIZON
At all management levels, regardless of the hierarchy, decisions are made at appropriate moments and should be implemented in the required time.
Decisions in which time plays a very important role as the individual cannot wait and the decision is made immediately.
Decisions that are not evaluated in spite of the risks
In order to make decisions it is important to recognize the environment and to take advantage of the best moment to decide.
Time is a key factor in all decision processes: someone who decides soon and well is effective; a person who decides soon and wrongly, a failure; if a man decides late and well, let us hope that luck be with him, because his decision may no longer be necessary; obviously, the one who decides late and wrongly is lost.
Each person uses different criteria in relation to time, but something must be clear: in most cases, the decision time is not defined by the involved person, but by the circumstance.
Many times we have information that allows us to quickly recognize the problem and this shortens the response time, however, there are cases where we take more time than necessary, due to lack of information or because we have doubts about the alternatives, and when we decide it is not relevant anymore.