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Related Services for SEN Students - Coggle Diagram
Related Services for SEN Students
Counseling
IDEA Disability Categories that Can Benefit from Counseling Services
Other Health Impairments
Other health impairments includes students with ADD and ADHD. Students with ADD and ADHD often struggle with behavior issues that can be addressed through behavior intervention programs conducted by a school counselor
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Students with Autism Spectrum disorder can benefit from group social counseling that helps individuals learn how to interact with each other in a positive manor
Emotional Disturbances
Individual counseling services can help students with emotional disturbances understand and cope with their disabilities
Traumatic Brain Injury
Students with traumatic brain injuries may suffer from a wide range of physiological and psychological difficulties that a school counselor can address based on students individual needs
Example 1: ADHD
Services
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a type of targeted behavioral therapy that helps individuals understand why they make the decisions they do while setting goals to help the individual make more appropriate choices. Students with ADHD benefit from the explicit teaching of behavior and are able to use CBT to overcome difficulties with classroom behavior.
Social Skills Training
Social skills training is a type of therapy that can be completed individually or in groups. The focus of the training is to role play everyday situations in order to learn and practice appropriate social responses to different interactions. Students with ADHD can benefit from this type of therapy by learning how they should interact with others in everyday situations.
Coping Strategies Training
Coping strategies training helps individuals with ADHD learn to self-soothe and self-regulate. These skills help individuals with ADHD learn to handle situations that cause them excessive stress.
Service Benefits
Academic achievement: Through targeted counseling, students with ADHD are able to gain focus and behavioral skills that allow them to interact more positively in the classroom settings.
Physical Well-being: Coping strategies taught through counseling services help individuals with ADHD learn how to control and manage stress that can lead to adverse physical reactions.
Social Well-Being: Students with ADHD can learn specific social skills that help them understand how to positively interact socially with their peers allowing them to learn how to develop social relationships.
Example 2: Autism Spectrum Disorder
Services
Counselors help not only the individual with ASD but their family members also. They can use a variety of approaches such as:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), helps reduce anxiety, stress and depression by stopping all-or-nothing thinking, polarized thinking, and fatalistic thinking
Solution focused approach to tackle clear, concise, practical scenarios.
Psychoanalytic approach to understand the unconscious and past experiences to be able to move forward.
Service Benefits
Academic
Because of counseling students are more successful in school because they have better life skills
Through counseling they are able to learn strategies that help them self-regulate and participate in lessons.
Counseling helps reduce anxiety and stress making them more receptive to learning.
Counseling enables them to better follow directions and finish tasks due to better self regulation strategies
Physical
Through the strategies learned during therapy they can better understand their bodies and how their body language translates to others in different social contexts.
From the counseling and therapy strategies they learn how to better interact with peers and respect personal spaces.
Social and Emotional
Because of the practice and counseling they can better communicate their feelings, anxieties and fears.
Counseling gives them the tools to build successful friendships
Counseling helps them better cope with everyday challenges that would otherwise end up in a melt down.
Physical Therapy
Definition: School-based physical therapy is a related service that is designed to help students physically access their learning environment. This service is provided by a trained individual who focuses on providing the physical exercises and practices that will allow a student to complete daily educational activities.
IDEA Disability Categories that Can Benefit from Physical Therapy
Other Health Impairments
Other health impairments is a category under IDEA of impairments that could hinder a child’s strength, energy, or awareness. Physical Therapy could be used to help students who have issues with strength, and energy practice specific exercises to help them overcome their daily difficulties.
Speech or Language Impairment
Though most of the treatment done with a student with a speech and language impairment is completed by a speech and language pathologist, students who suffer from speech and language disorders due to muscle weakness could benefit from the help of a physical therapist.
Orthopedic Impairment
These are impairments where students lack the ability to control the functions of the body. A physical therapist could provide specific physical therapy to help students complete everyday tasks
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury can affect the brain in many different ways. Some of those effects could be limited use of different parts of the body. Physical therapy can help individuals gain control of parts of the body affected by traumatic brain injury or learn how to compensate through the use of other parts of the body
Intellectual Disorders - Some intellectual disorders cause physical delays as well as mental delays. In these cases, a physical therapist is beneficial to a student with an intellectual disorder
Example 1: Cerebral Palsy
Services
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
CIMT is a treatment made for individuals who have become overly dependent on one arm due to severe weakness in the non-dominant arm. The therapy involves exercises where the weak arm is strengthened through temporarily inhibiting the use of the dominant arm. The strengthening of the non-dominant hand and arm allows for increased mobility and ease of movement during everyday tasks.
Context-focused physical therapy
Context-focused physical therapy is a type of physical therapy where a physical therapist works with an individual with mobility difficulties to identify tasks that need to or want to be performed. The physical therapist will then create physical therapy exercises based on those tasks. As individuals complete these specific practices, they become more able to complete the desired task.
Goal-directed training
Goal-directed training is very similar to context-focused physical therapy. The purpose is to set specific goals based on everyday tasks that are required of an individual. Physical therapy exercises are then created and practiced to help individuals achieve their goals.
Bimanual training
Bimanual training is a type of physical therapy made to help individuals use both hands together when completing certain tasks. These tasks are designed for individuals with a weak arm or hand and helps individuals improve their ability to complete tasks through guide practice that allows individuals to coordinate both arms and hands.
Service Benefits
Academic:
The therapies listed improve academic achievement in several ways. The first is that physical therapy can be designed to complete specific academic tasks that are difficult to complete physically. Another way is that many of the services provided will be based on a model of setting goals and working to achieve those goals. The skills learned through completing this process can be applied to academic tasks as well physical tasks.
Physical:
Physical therapy is designed specifically to allow individuals to more easily control and use their bodies to complete physical tasks. Individuals who participate in physical therapy improve in their physical well-being through improved bodily control and increased mobility.
Social:
Physical therapy can help individuals overcome difficulties with mobility and body control that can hinder one's ability to interact with others. As individuals continue to improve and progress through their physical therapy goals, they also overcome difficulties with anxiety that can be linked to social interactions.
Example 2: Muscular Dystrophy
Services
Passive and active stretching
A physical therapist will teach gentle stretches that are designed to help increase joint flexibility and general mobility
Exercises to maintain strength
A physical therapist will develop and teach exercises that can be completed daily to increase strength in a fun way that is also not overly strenuous allowing the body to maintain strength and increase heart health while decreasing the risk of obesity
Exercises for breathing
Physical therapists will design and implement treatments that promote the strengthening of breathing muscles.
Service Benefits
Academic: Students with muscular dystrophy gradually lose mobility associated with academic tasks such as writing and speaking. Physical therapy can help individuals with muscular dystrophy complete these tasks for a longer period of time, and can help individuals adapt as their bodies weaken.
Physical: Physical therapy allows students with muscular dystrophy strengthen their bodies and helps them cope with the physical changes that are associated with Muscular Dystrophy
Social: Physical therapy can be used to help students with muscular dystrophy communicate as there muscles weaken.
Occupational Therapy
Definition
:
Helps individuals at any stage of life tone successful with daily activities (occupations). It is commonly used for children who have disabilities soothes can be more successfully school and other social environments.
Services include:
Individualized evaluation and goal setting
Customized intervention plan to achieve goals
Outcome evaluation to assure goals were met
It is a holistic approach to an individuals needs
Can be provided directly in school in school
It might be the only service provided or spelled out within an IEP.
IDEA and Related Services
IDEA regulates related services under Section. 300.34.
IDEA requires that OT be:
Provided by a qualified OT
Help improve, develop, or restore impaired functions due to illness, injury or deprivation
Improve ability to perform a task for independent functioning if they are impaired or lost
Prevention via early intervention, initial or further impairment or loss of function.
Specific Learning disabilities
Such as: Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia.
See examples below.
ADHD
OTs help students better regulate themselves, control their impulses and be more successfull in class.
Developments Issues
Speech and Language Impairments
Autism Spectrum Disorder
In all these cases OT can help individuals become more successful in their daily lives.
Intelectual Dissabilities such as Down Syndrome and Low IQs
OTs help these indviduals be more successful in everyday life by working with them in on practical skills, such as dressing, feeding and coming up with routines.
Orthopedic Impairments
Such as:
Cerebral Palsy
Apraxia (whole body coordination)
OTs help individuals relearn techniques to get dressed, and adapt daily activities and routines to their needs.
Traumatic Brain Injuries
OTs can help regain or maintain muscle tones, understanding language, help improve short and long term memories, control emotiona,
Case 1: Dysgraphia
Problem producing legible and automatic letter writing.
Difficulty with storing and retrieving letter and numbers automatically.
Trouble with planning and organizing.
Services:
Individualized plan
after evaluation and goal setting and time frame setting for re-evaluation of goals. OT is a n evidence based practice.
Fine motor skills training
exercises. Such as manipulation of materials to increase muscle tone.
Motor skills Training
Working with pegs on a board, working with therapeutic putty.
Use of
Handwriting Without Tears Method
to address, motor issues, correct letter forming and pencil holding, as well as letter recognition.
Executive Functioning Training
, working on planning, executing and completing tasks.
Occupational Therapy is usually done through play an this helps children learn in a more relaxed environment leading to better outcomes of the therapy itself.
Benefits
Academic
Better able to participate in class during written assignments.
Better grades because they are able to successfully express themselves.
Increase in executing functioning when completing classroom tasks.
Success in school leads to a happier student who will be able to achieve learning outcomes.
Social/Emotional
Increase in self-esteem due to increase in success at writting
Decrease in bullying risks, they do not stand out in a class anymore
Decrease in anxiety and risk of depression.
Physical
Better able to use own body when doing writing tasks.
Increase speed and ability.
Improved their physical well-being through improved bodily control and are more successful at writing tasks.
Case 2: ADHD
Trouble sustaining attention
Trouble with impulse control
Trouble with staying seated
Continuously fidgetty
Services:
Sensory modulation thorough Sensory Therapy such as the use of swings, trampolines, exercise balls.
Sustaining attention by using dynamic sitting strategies such as in-seat concentration cushion, allows kids to wiggle in place, or chew gum, or drink with a straw.
Improvement of executive functions by planning and completing a parkour, structured play to come up with organizational
Impulse control by
Benefits
Physical
They can use their bodies more effectively
Increase success in everyday tasks
Increase awareness of their space and the space of others
Social/Emotional
Kids are now able to have meaningful and successful social interactions with peers and adults
Increase awareness of self and own feelings
Increase empathy for others
Better understanding of social interactions and social rules
Academic
Able to better participate in class
Increased ability to follow multistep instrucitons
Quality of work improves because they are able to plan and execute better, due to improvement in executive functions
References
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