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CHROMOSOMES, GENES, AND DNA, Base on DNA, Base on mRNA - Coggle Diagram
CHROMOSOMES, GENES, AND DNA
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Protein Synthesis
TRANSCRIPTION
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Double helix of DNA unwinds and 'unzips' to seperate the two strands. Purpose is exposing bases in the template strand so that the RNA Polymerase then can do it's job to copy the template strand to it's intended pair.
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TRANSLATION
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Taking place at the ribosomes, Translation converts the mRNA strand into a protein.
mRNA attaches to the ribosome, and each triplet of bases in the mRNA called the codons compliment to the anticodon. For instance, the codon in the mRNA is a CCU, that means that the anticodon for that triplet is GGA
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
Structure of Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Each chromosome contains one double-stranded DNA molecule. The DNA strand is folded and coiledso that it can be packed into a small space. The DNA is coiled around proteins called histones.
How many Chromosomes?
A healthy normal human body will each have 23 sets of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes. Apart from 23 sets of chromosomes, there tend to be a genetic disorder among that person
Sex Chromosomes
The last set of chromosomes is called the sex chromosomes. This will determine whether a human is a male or female. A male will have an XY chromosome, however, a female will have two X chromosomes or XX chromosomes.
How many Genes?
The entire DNA of an organism is known as its genome. The human genome is made up of about 3.2 billion base pairs. But only a fraction of it consists of protein-coding genes.
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Base on DNA, Base on mRNA