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Rebellion 1 - Coggle Diagram
Rebellion 1
Actions
henry forced parliament to move the beginning of his reign to the day before Bosworth, rendering richard the usurper
henry married Elizabeth, a Yorkist, to gain their support. ‘many supported him because of his wife’ (Smith). He had arthur with her, the embodiment of the tudor rose
The Act of Resumption gave henry all the royal land that had been given away since 1455, greatly increasing his personal wealth
The Act of Attainders took away some of the nobility's land and titles, they would be returned if they proved loyal
The Act of Retainer banned private armies, limiting the power of the nobility
he didn't kill his opposition immediately, John De La Pole swore loyalty and sat on the royal council even though he had a claim to the throne
imprisoned the earl of Warwick, Richard's nephew, in the tower of London when he was just 10
Context
there had been a civil war, the war of the roses, between lancastrians and yorkists
this divided the country and left thousands dead, including members of the upper classes
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yet, 'an exile and outsider with barely a claim to the throne’ (Cunningham) named henry Tudor came to wales with a French-backed army and met Richard on the battlefield at Bosworth, outnumbered
Key facts
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richard had ~10,000 men (including the duke of norfolk and henry percy)
the stanleys (henry's stepdad and uncle) had the power and men to decide who won the battle. Henry only succeeded when they intervened.
Lambert Simnel 1487
Who was he?
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simnel was actually a 10 year old boy, so this rebellion was spearheaded by John De La Pole
he was backed by Margaret of Burgundy, Richard's sister and 'a force to be reckoned with' (Guy) who funded mercenaries
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Also supported by the Irish, who 'did not hesitate to support Lambert Simnel’ (Keen) because they hated Henry
Rebel Strengths
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it was widely supported by many different countries, showing Henry was unpopular
Rebel Weaknesses
could easily disprove Simnel's chosen identity, Henry paraded the real earl of warwick in the streets of london
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German mercenaries were unmotivated as they were paid, however experienced
Irish men lacked armor and their leader, the Earl of Kildare, decided to stay in Dublin instead of fighting
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Henry Strengths
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De La Pole and Lovell killed, two serious threats
Conclusion
by winning so comfortably, henry actually secured his position
simnel was not executed because ‘'if he suffered death he would be forgotten too soon, but being kept alive he would be a continual spectacle’ (bacon)
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Impacts of Bosworth
proved the power of the nobility, and because they had been disloyal to the king, henry became 'infinitely suspicious' (Snow) that they might be again
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his pyrrhic victory seemed like it had God's interference, making him look like God's chosen leader
however, he was illegitimate and viewed as a 'usurper', which was very dangerous due to the hierarchy, the Divine Right of Kings and the fact that bloodlines had to be pure. Illegitimacy could cause long term problems.
Perkin Warbeck 1491-99
who was he?
commoner born in Belgium, pretended to be Prince Richard, the youngest prince in the tower, couldn't be disproven
henry was far more secure by this time, with a dynasty and more children, he never met Warbeck personally in battle
rebel weaknesses
never able to raise a significant invasion force, only 300 men in Kent. His largest army was just 1400 men in Scotland
Cornish rebellion wasn't even totally about warbeck, and it was mistimed. If he had gotten there earlier he would've had a larger force
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Scottish invasion was disjointed as the scots wished to raid, they alienated Yorkist nobility
rebel strengths
support from foreign countries like Scotland, France, holy roman empire and burgundy - wide geography covered
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his rebellion coincided with domestic unrest in Cornwall where they protested high taxation, showing henry still hadn't fully consolidated power
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Henry's strengths
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achieved foreign alliances like the treaty of medina del campo with Spain, agreeing mutual support and the marriage of Arthur to Catherine of Aragon
also the Treaty of Etaples with France which ensured they stopped supporting and harboring Warbeck or any other 'pretenders'
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