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Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Coggle Diagram
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition: Excessive anxiety and worries about several events or activities most of the time for at least 6 months.
Etiology: Complex genetic diseases characterized by a complex pathogenetic interaction of environmental factors with multiple genetic variants at different chromosomal loci.
Chronic organic disorder
Genetic
Stress
Substance abuse
Environmental
Epidemiology:
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric syndromes in the U.S. population.
~1/5 of adults report a lifetime history of one of the major anxiety disorders, and
1 in 10 suffer from a current anxiety disorder.
Risk Factors
Environmental
Genetic and physiological
Temperamental
Differential Diagnosis
Social phobia
Specific phobia
Agoraphobia
Selective mutism
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
Separation anxiety
Panic disorder
Diagnosis
Evaluation
Thyroid function tests
Blood glucose level
Echocardiography
Toxicology screen
History and Physical
Excessive, nonspecific anxiety and worry
Emotional lability
Difficulty concentrating, and
Insomnia.
Treatment
2nd line: BZO
3rd line: TCA
1st line: SSRI and SNRI
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Monitoring: GAD 7 Item Scale
Complication
GAD can lead to, or worsen, other mental and physical conditions
Depression (often presents concomitantly with an anxiety disorder)
Insomnia
Drug or alcohol misuse
GI problems
Social isolation
Issues functioning at work/school
Impaired quality of life
Suicide potential
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with generalized anxiety disorder is guarded.
Many patients are not compliant with medications because of cost and adverse effects.
Relapses are common, and patients often search for physicians who comply with their needs.
Because of the lack of conventional medicine to cure the disorder, many opt for alternative therapies without much success.
Overall, the quality of life of these patients is poor.
Education and Prevention
Reassure patients that occasional worry or anxiety in response to threats to one's life or well-being is common and normal.
Advise patients to seek mental health care if their worries are numerous and are affecting their ability to focus on daily activities.
Inform patients that such treatments as lifestyle adjustments, psychotherapy, and medication are beneficial.
Islamic Aspect
Dalam al-qur’an kecemasan digambarkan dengan kalimat (khaūf), yakni kondisi hati tidak tenang terkait dengan perkara di masa datang. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya keraguan yang ada dalam hati (dhaiq), maka timbulah sifat gelisah (halū’a), yang akhirnya menjadikan seseorang merasa selalu susah (hazn).
