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INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING, Activities of Information System…
INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING
Fitting into Informations Systems
A system is a group of interrelated components that function together to
achieve a desired result.
Ab Information system (IS) is an arragement of people, data, process, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.
Information technology is a contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology (hardware & software) with telecommunications technology (data, image & voice networks).
Definition - Information systems are computer-based infrastructures, organizations, personnel, and components that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on information.
DIKW
DATA
smallest symbolic units that describe measured or estimated phenomena
i.e sensors produce large volumes of data, but very little is understood by humans
INFORMATION
infoemation is a more abstract understanding of the data derived by fusing data
lowest layer where the symbolic units are interpretable by humans.
KNOWLEDGE
symbols are sufficiently abstract to enable people to make decisions about and interact with their environments.
combination of information with necessary data and judgment of historical patterns (experience).
WISDOM
knowledge combined with insights and common sense.
It is typically achieved by humans based on knowledge, information, and data.
hard to derive automatically from lower-level information representations.
An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the
realization of successful information systems.
Integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation.
consider both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs.
Type of IS
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes
data about business transactions.
A management information system (MIS) is an information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization.
A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that either helps to identify decision-making opportunities or provides information to help make decisions.
An expert system is an information system that captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of non-experts.
A communications and collaboration system is an information system that enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance
their ability to collaborate.
Application Type
Batch processing systems
These are business systems that are designed to process data in large batches. They
process large numbers of individual inputs to create corresponding outputs.
Entertainment system
These are systems that are primarily for personal use and which are intended to
entertain the user.
System for modeling and simulation
These are systems that are developed by scientists and engineers to model physical
processes or situations, which include many, separate, interacting objects.
Activities of Information System Development
Preliminary Analysis.
System Analysis
System Design
Programming
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance
takes place once the implementation phase is complete.
The system has a structured support process in place: reported bugs are fixed and requests for new features are evaluated and implemented; system updates and backups are performed on a regular basis.
Once the new system is developed and tested, it has to be implemented in the organization
Includes training the users, providing documentation, and conversion from any previous system to the new system.
software program developed in the previous phase is put through a series of structured tests.
First is a unit test, which tests individual parts of the code for errors or bugs.
System test, where the different components of the system are tested to ensure that they work together properly.
Any bugs, errors, or problems found during testing are addressed and then tested again.
The code finally gets written in the programming phase
A programmer (or team of programmers) develop the program using system-design document as a guide
The designer take the system requirements document created in the previous phase & develop the specific technical details that are required in the system.
Design for user interface, database, data inputs and outputs & reporting are developed
System-design document result that will have everything a programmer will need to actually create the system.
One or more system analysts work with a different stakeholder groups to determine the specific requirements for the new system
No programming
Procedures are documented, key- players are interviewed, and data requirements are developed in order to get an overall result
Review in this phase is done
This important step in determining if the project should even get started