Luther Leads the Reformation
The Response to Luther
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a monk and a teacher in Saxony, Germany.
Religion
Change
Tetzel
Luthers ideas were spreading at attracting followers very quickly.
Many people are starting to become unhappy with the church for political and economic reasons.
People saw luthers protests as a way to challenge church control.
Change
The Pope's Threat
Church officials in Rome viewed Luther simply as a rebellious monk who needed to be punished by his superiors.
What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
Luther actually suggested that Christians drive the pope from the Church by force.
What were some of the forces that challenged the church's authority by 1500?
Tetzel was raising money to rebuild the church using indulgences
Some forces that challenged the church's authority by 1500 were the Renaissance emphasis on the secular- the invention of the printing press helped spread these secular ideas.
Some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation were that critics claimed Leaders were corrupt, popes spent extravagantly on pleasure and fought wars, lower clergy poorly educated and broke priestly vows.
Religion
The Emperor's Oppositions
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, opposed luthers teachings. He controlled a vast empire, including the German states.
Indulgence
An indulgence was a pardon, essentially a way to buy your way into heaven
Johann Tetzel was a german friar, who practiced preaching on indulgements.
Luther spoke out against Tetzel, and started the Reformation
According to this edict, no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. All his books were to be burned.
Change
Why did Henry 8th need a divorce or an annulment?
Causes of the Reformation
Reformation
Religon
Luther accidentally created a movement across Germany for churches to reform.
What caused Luther's ideas to spread across Germany?
Luther got accused of many things a was excommunicated. However many people really liked his teachings and continued them while he was away this became a new religious group the Lutherans
Churches stopped listening to the Pope's authority.
Henry the 8th had asked the catholic church to undo his marriage with Catherine because he says that in gods eyes they weren't meant for each other and should not be married.
Why was Martin Luther unhappy with the use of Indulgements?
Luther believed money should and can not be used to purchase your way into heaven.
Religon
Elizabeth I came to power at a time of religious turmoil. How did she deal with the question of religion?
Change
Lutherans
Many northern German princes supported Lutheranism.
Luther's Teachings:
All church teachings should be based only on the Bible's words, not those of the Pope or Church traditions.
All people of faith are equal, the church does not need to teach for them.
People could receive salvation only by God's gift of forgiveness, not by doing "good works" for the church.
German princes who remained loyal to the pope agreed to join forces against Luther’s ideas. The princes who supported Luther signed a protest against that agreement
John Wycliffe of England and Jan Hus of Bohemia had advocated Church reform in the late 1300s and early 1400s.
People had come to expect higher standards of conduct from priests and church leaders.
These protesting princes came to be known as Protestants.
As Luther’s ideas became more popular, the pope realized that this monk was a serious threat.
Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements.
Luther did not take back a word. his students at Wittenberg gathered around a bonfire and cheered as he threw the pope’s decree into the flames. Leo excommunicated Luther.
What were some social changes that caused the Reformation?
Charles issued an imperial order, the Edict of Worms. It declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic.
The Renaissance values humanism and secularism led people to question the Church
Many people agreed with Luther that the church should not use their power to capitalize on Religion
Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony disobeyed the emperor. For almost a year after the trial, he sheltered Luther in one of his castles. While there, Luther translated the New Testament into German.
Some people saw his teachings as a good excuse to seize Church property and to assert their independence from Charles V.
Protestant was applied to Christians who were not Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox.
The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church
Charles V went to war against the Protestant princes.
Even though he defeated them in 1547, he failed to force them back into the Catholic Church.
There the princes agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state.
his famous religious settlement was known as the Peace of Augsburg.
Why did luthers teachings become popular and attract followers?
It attracted followers because it was something new that vaulued church and personal values.
Why do you think Charles V could not force Protestant princes back into the Catholic church even after defeating them in war?
They would not listen and they would end up gaining and gaining more people. Many people were already not listening.
Henry the 8th had asked the catholic church to undo his marriage with Catherine because he says that in gods eyes they weren't meant for each other and should not be married.
Elizabeth the first made Protestantism in England and it defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 and it was maintained peace inside her divided country and created an environment where the arts were very pretty.
Henery the 8th was devout Catholic Before he became the king he had in his possession a prayer scroll containing illuminations of the Trinity they found the crucified Christ and the Instruments of the Passion and several martyred saints.
Queen Elizabeth was a restored England to Protestantism. it broke most of the policys of her predecessor and half-sister, Queen Mary I a Catholic monarch who tried to take her out of Protestantism from English society.
Henry was married too six wives. He also executed thousands for treason and overhauled the English religion he had many powers and the Royal Navy another thing he did that made a big change is he even transformed the postal service.
She went back to England to protestantism and make a state church that Catholics tried to not let happen and her and protestants wanted more reforms.