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Luther Leads the Reformation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/martin-luther
    - - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wittenberg-University
  - - - In response, he wrote 95 theses attacking the “pardon-merchants," and posted them on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate him.
        
        His actions began the Reformation, a movement for religious reform that led to the founding of Christian churches that did not accept the pope's authority.
        
        https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/reformation
        
        What caused Luther's ideas to spread throughout Germany?
        
        With the support of the printing press, Luther’s name and ideas soon were advertised to people and groups all over Germany.
      - Why was Martin Luther unhappy with the sale of indulgences?
        
        It released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins. Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s right to judge.
  - - - https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-were-the-3-main-ideas-of-martin-luther/
- - - - Popes who ruled during the Renaissance patronized the arts, spent extravagantly on personal pleasure, and fought wars
        
        Many priests and monks were so poorly educated that they could scarcely read, let alone teach people.
        
        Others broke their priestly vows by marrying, and some drank to excess or gambled.
        
        What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
        
        People complained of church officials being corrupt and too worldly and not spiritual enough. They also broke the rules of the church and got married and gambled.
        
        Education In Europe
  - - - Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe.
        
        Government Systems :!!:
      - Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority.
    - - European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth.
      - Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church.
      - Economy in the European Renaissance
    - - The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church
      - The printing press helped to spread idea critical of the church.
    - - Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt.
        
        Corruption in the Church
      - Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable.
  - - - More writers and scholars began to write and translate works into the local vernacular, or common language, instead of using Latin.
        
        These changes helped increase literacy, spiritual thinking, individual thought, and perspective among individuals.
      - Invention :!!:
  - - - They denied that the pope had the right to worldly power. They also taught that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders did.
        
        In addition, many Europeans were reading religious works and forming their own opinions about the Church.
        
        What were some of the forces that challenged the Church's authority by 1500?
        
        The church was challenged by many different forces including the merchant class and powerful monarchs.
        
        Conflict :!!:
      - Reformation of the Church in the European Renaissance
- - - - https://www.elizabethi.org/contents/elizabethanchurch/queenandchurch.html
  - - - https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/henry-viiis-children/#gs.dr5z2v
  - - - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VIII-king-of-England
    - - Answer: He asked the Catholic church to invalidate his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
- - - - In one angry reply to Church criticism, Luther actually suggested that Christians drive the pope from the Church by force.
        
        Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements.
        
        Instead, his students at Wittenberg gathered around a bonfire and cheered as he threw the pope’s decree into the flames.
        
        https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-X/Conflict-with-Luther
  - - - After a month Luther made a speech Charles issued an imperial order, the Edict of Worms.
        
        No one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter.
        
        For almost a year after the trial, he sheltered Luther in one of his castles.
        
        While some princes genuinely shared Luther’s beliefs, others liked Luther’s ideas for selfish reasons.
        
        https://www.britannica.com/topic/Edict-of-Worms
  - - - Important
        leaders in this movement were reformers, such as Ignatius of Loyola
        
        The Catholic Reformation.pdf)