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Muscular Melissa Figuero Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular Melissa Figuero Per 1
Major functions of muscular system
produce movement
maintain posture
stabilize joints
generate heat during contraction
3 types of muscles and functions
skeletal- attached to bone; produces movement
smooth- helps w digestion and urination
cardiac- walls of heart; pumps blood through cardiovascular system
Names of all skeletal muscles
zygomaticus/temporalis/masseter/orbicularis oculi and oris/frontal
platysma/sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis major/deltoid/trapezius/teres major/rhomoid major/infraspinatus/latissimus dorsi
rectus abdominis/transversus abdominis
sartorius/adductor longus/gracilis/rectus femoris/vastus lateralis and medialis/gluteus maximus
fibularis longus/tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius/soleus
triceps and biceps brachii/flexor carpi radialis/palmaris longus/extensor carpi radialis longus/extensor carpi ulnaris
Sarcomere
smallest contractile unit of M fiber; composed of actin and myosin; separated by Z discs
Neuromuscular junction
has axon terminals/synapctic cleft/ junctional folds
events- AP arrives at axon terminal; voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium enters motor neuron; realeases ACh neurotransmitter into synpatic cleft; ACh diffuses across ACh receptors on membrane; ACh binds to receptors/opens gates/sodium enters/results in end plate potential; acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh
Sliding filament theory
contraction is the activation of cross bridges; thin filaments slide past thick ones causing myosin and actin to overlap; myosin binds to actin which forms the cross bridges; myosin head pulls thin filaments closer to center of sarcome
Action potential
crosses from neuron to M cell via neurotransmitter acetylcholine
when membrane potential rapidly rises/falls
neuron sends info down an axon
Muscle coverings
epimysium- dense irregular CT; surrounds entire M
perimysium- fibrous CT; surrounds groups of M fibers
endomysium- fine areolar CT; surrounds individual M fiber
Disorders
DMD- M destroying diseases; appear in childhood; sex-linked recessive disease; mostly found in males; can live into 30s w proper care; caused by dystrophin gene (defective)