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Muscular System Vincent Peek Vallejo Anatomy Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System Vincent Peek Vallejo Anatomy Period 1
3 types of muscles& their functions
Skeletal Muscle
Allow the human to move and perform daily actions, protect vital organs, and maintains posture and balance
Smooth Muscle
Helps with digestion and nutrient absorption, along with getting rid of the bodys toxins
Cardiac Muscle
Rapid involuntary contraction and relaxation in order to pump blood through out the body and the muscles are built to be fatigue resistant
Sarcomere
Smallest contractile unit in muscle fibers
Includes Actin and Myosin which are responsible for the muslce contraction
Requires ATP
Myosin slides along the actin to contract the fiber
Myosin is thick and Actin is thin
Major functions of the muscular system
Stability
Skeletal muscles can keep your still and tight
Posture
Skeletal muscles keep your body upright
Mobility
Skeletal muscles allow your body to move by contracting and relaxing muscles
Circulation
The cardiac muscles pump blood throughout the body
Names of all the skeletal muscles(including the facial muscles)
Frontalis
Temporalis
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomaticus
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoral major
Serratus anterior
Deltoid
Trapezius
Sternohyoid
Deltoid
Biceps brachi
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Rectus abdominis
Internal Oblique
Ilopsoses
Sarturius
Addutor Longus
Vastus lateralis
Gastrocnemius
Tibialuis anterior
Gracilis
Addutor
Vastus medialis
Soleus
Fibularis Longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Lastissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Deltoid
Rhomboid major
Triceps Brachi
Extensor digitorum
Neuromuscular junction
Events at the Neuromuscular Junction
2) Voltage-gated calcium channels open
3) Calcium entry causes release of ACh neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft
1) AP arrives at axon terminal
4) ACh diffuses across to ACh receptors (Na+ chemical gates) on sarcolemma
5) ACh binding to receptors, opens gates, allowing Na+ to enter resulting in end plate potential
6) Acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
3) ATP that has already been produced causes the head of the myosin to slide towards the actin filament
4) The contraction allowed the actin to slide across and past the myosin which shortens
2) The reaction of the calcium ions causes cross bridges to form between the Actin and the Myosin
5) Extra ATP removes the myosin from being connected to the Actin filament
1) Calcium ions get released into the actin filament by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the head of the myosin does not move
6) Troponin is used to reset the process so it can start again
Action potential in a muscle fiber
Created when motor endplate potential is enough to raise surrounding sarcolemma potential above the set amount for gated Na+ channels
This results in a AP or Action Potential being formed, These action potentials then travel along the surface of the muscle fiber into the T tubules and then go into the cytosol of the cell
Muscle coverings
The sacrolemma covers muscles
AKA: the myolemma, the cell membrane of a muscle cell. Includes a lipid bilayer
Disorders
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Multiple sclerosis.
Muscular dystrophy.
Myasthenia gravis.