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C2 Revision, chem.02.02.aw.07.70384fe5d143a60b61d1, chem.02.02.aw.05…
C2 Revision
Methods of purification
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Filtration
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Uses a filter funnel and a filter paper on it to decrease the size of the holes that insoluble solid materials won't be able to pass through.
Brewing coffee, and vacuum cleaners use filtration
Simple Distillation
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Uses a round bottomed flask connected to a long tube, called a condenser, through which cold water flows.
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Can separate mixtures of liquids with boiling point differences are at least 50 degrees Celsius apart
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Paper chromatography
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Solutes are carried up a sheet of filter paper by a solvent. Solutes move at different rates according to their mass and solubility.
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Pure substances would only have one colour, impure substances will have multiple
Fractional Distillation
Like Simple Distillation, it is used to separate mixtures of liquids, but with boiling points within 25 degrees Celsius of each other
Process is almost the same, but there is a neck of fractioning column packed with glass beads that control temperatures within the column
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When the mixture of liquids in the round bottomed flask is heated, both substances will start to vaporise because they have similar boiling points. The vapour travels past the glass beads, which have a cool surface. As a result, the vapour from the liquid with the higher boiling point will condense and drop back into the flask. The other liquid moves through to the top of the column and then into the condenser.
Key words
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Solute
Minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
Volume
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Burette
Used for titration. Titrations - one liquid is added to another in order to bring about a colour change (evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred)
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