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grammar - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 物質名詞
        
        ex:chicken、coffee、iron
      - 專有名詞
        
        ex:Chinese、Taipei、Sunday
      - 抽象名詞
        
        ex:weather、money、advice
      - 集合名詞
        
        ex:family、company、jury
    - - 複數名詞
        
        規則變化
        
        字尾為子音+y
        
        去y+ies
        
        ex:baby-babies
        
        字尾為母音+y
        
        +s
        
        ex:day-days
        
        字尾為s、z、o、x、ch、sh
        
        +es
        
        ex:class-classes
        
        字尾為o特別注意
        
        o前面為子音+es
        
        ex:potato-potatoes
        
        例外，ex:piano-pianos、pomelo-pomelos
        
        o前面為母音+s
        
        ex:radio-radios
        
        字尾為f或fe
        
        去f或fe+ves
        
        ex:knife-knives
        
        一般可數名詞
        
        +s
        
        ex:dog-dogs
        
        不規則變化
        
        ex:man-men、tooth-teeth、mouse-mice
        
        單複數同形
        
        ex:deer-deer、species-species、sheep-sheep
      - 單數名詞
        
        搭配所有格
        
        this/that/every/my/your/his/her/our/their
        
        ex:this pencil box
        
        搭配冠詞
        
        a/an
        
        a用在發音非母音開頭單字
        
        ex:a desk
        
        an用在發音母音開頭單字
        
        ex:an hour
        
        the
        
        講述某個眾所周知的人物
        
        ex:the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
        
        限定、指定某物時
        
        ex:the skirt
    - - 可數名詞
        
        肯定句
        
        some、many、a lot of、a few、few、no
        
        ex:Many people like to go to the cafe for study.
        
        否定句
        
        any、many、a lot of
        
        ex:I don't really have any dresses for the wedding.
      - 不可數名詞
        
        肯定句
        
        some、much、a lot of、a little、little、no
        
        ex:There's a lot of fruit in the fridge.
        
        否定句
        
        any、much、a lot of
        
        ex:The teacher didn't give us much homework today.
      - 其他計量詞(表達確切數量)
        
        ex:water - a glass of water - five glasses of water
  - - - 單數
        
        我
        
        mine
        
        所有代名詞
        
        me
        
        受格
        
        myself
        
        反身代名詞
        
        I
        
        主格
        
        my
        
        所有格
        
        你
        
        your
        
        所有格
        
        yours
        
        所有代名詞
        
        you
        
        受格
        
        yourself
        
        反身代名詞
        
        you
        
        主格
        
        他
        
        his
        
        所有格
        
        his
        
        所有代名詞
        
        him
        
        受格
        
        himself
        
        反身代名詞
        
        he
        
        主格
        
        她
        
        her
        
        所有格
        
        hers
        
        所有代名詞
        
        her
        
        受格
        
        herself
        
        反身代名詞
        
        she
        
        主格
        
        它/牠
        
        its
        
        所有格
        
        its
        
        所有代名詞
        
        it
        
        受格
        
        itself
        
        反身代名詞
        
        it
        
        主格
      - 複數
        
        我們
        
        we
        
        主格
        
        ourselves
        
        反身代名詞
        
        us
        
        受格
        
        ours
        
        所有代名詞
        
        our
        
        所有格
        
        你們
        
        your
        
        所有格
        
        yours
        
        所有代名詞
        
        you
        
        受格
        
        yourselves
        
        反身代名詞
        
        you
        
        主格
        
        他們
        
        their
        
        所有格
        
        theirs
        
        所有代名詞
        
        them
        
        受格
        
        themselves
        
        反身代名詞
        
        they
        
        主格
      - 分三大類
        
        第三人稱(他/她/它/牠)
        
        第二人稱(你)
        
        第一人稱(我)
    - - 所有格用法
        
        句中當形容詞用
        
        ex:Claire asked me to help her get her bag.
      - 所有代名詞用法
        
        表示某人的...，所有格+名詞
        
        ex:Her toys are new,but mine(=my toys) are old.
        
        :!:所有代名詞後不可再接名詞
      - 受格用法
        
        句中當受詞用
        
        ex:I like her very much.
      - 反身代名詞用法
        
        強調某人自己本身，置於句尾或主詞後
        
        ex:Jerry carried that heavy box by himself.
      - 主格用法
        
        句中當主詞用
        
        ex:She is beautiful.
    - - 同一句子出現單數與複數人稱代名詞，先寫複數後寫單數。ex:They and Mary usually study in the library after school.
      - 同一句子出現多個單數人稱代名詞，排列次序為第二、三、一人稱。ex:You,Emily and I are classmates.
      - 所有格代名詞不與冠詞、指示形容詞(this、that、these、those)等限定詞連用
      - 同一句子出現多個複數人稱代名詞，排列次序為第一、二、三人稱。ex:We,you and they grew up in the same neighborhood.
      - 不可數名詞都是用it
      - 疑問詞Whose可當所有格或所有代名詞用。
    - - 當虛主詞代替名詞子句
        
        ex:It is annoying that I have to drive on this busy road to work every morning.
      - 當虛主詞代替不定詞的真主詞
        
        ex:Is it too tired for you to drive 5 hours in a row?
    - - for/enjoy/help/by/kill/hurt/talk to/lose oneself、to make oneself at home
  - - - 用法
        
        複數指示代名詞
        
        these、those
        
        ex:These are my books.
        
        單數指示代名詞
        
        this、that
        
        可代替之前所提過的事
        
        ex:I didn't answer Dave's call.He was mad about that.
        
        ex:This is my book.
      - 作用
        
        代替某些已確定的事物
        
        可依照指示的某人某事距離遠近來判斷使用
        
        距離近
        
        this、these
        
        距離遠
        
        that、those
    - - 作用
        
        表示特定的群體中的某一部分
      - 用法
        
        特定時
        
        單數
        
        it
        
        複數
        
        they、them
        
        ex:I like the red hat in this store.Can I try it?
        
        沒有限定時
        
        單數
        
        one
        
        複數
        
        ones
        
        ex:Dad's jeans are worn out,so he needs new ones.(任何jeans都可以)
      - 數量型的不定代名詞
        
        可數
        
        one of +the/所有格+複數可數名詞+單數動詞
        
        ex:One of my brothers is a baseball player.
        
        All/Both/Most/Many/Some of+the/所有格+複數可數名詞+複數動詞
        
        ex:All of my classmates are going to the field trip except me.
        
        不可數
        
        All/Some/Much/Most+of+the/所有格+不可數名詞+單數動詞
        
        ex:Some of the news on the Net is fake.
      - both、all用法
        
        All/Both+所有格/the/these/those+複數名詞
        
        ex:Both my brothers are doctors.
        
        S.+both/all+複數動詞
        
        ex:You both have to go to bed now.
        
        S.+be動詞+all/both
        
        Jerry and Jason are both designers.
        
        Both+A and B.....(限用Both)
        
        Both Jerry and Jason are designers.
        
        both、all用在否定句(not...both/all.....)，表部分否定
        
        Jerry and Jason are not both Taiwanese.