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How can governments use the legal system to successfully oppress certain…
How can governments use the legal system to successfully oppress certain groups?
Political
Separate representation of voters act (1956)
called for white people to represent couloured people on the council
diminished power and representation for black people
Bantustans (or Homelands)
a major administrative device for the exclusion of Blacks from the South African political system under the policy of apartheid, or racial segregation.
prevented empowerment and limited opinions/voices of black people
black people lost voting rights and citizenships
Social
Separate amenities act
legalised segregation in public premises, vehicles, and services
limited the contact between the different races in South Africa (limited the changes that Africans). This result at the black peoples position in the society would be lower than the white peoples
the Act also stated that the facilities for different races did not need to be equal: the best facilities were reserved for whites while those for other races were inferior
The Population Registration Act (1950)
Required people to be identified and registered from birth as one of four distinct racial groups.
Rise of control towards the black people
race was used to reflect an individual and constrain them; racial characteristics diminished individual as people into persons defined by race
controlled urbanisation and racial segregation
Section 10 of the native laws amendment act (1952)
limited black africans from living in urban areas
Prohibited black people from moving into urban areas where they were unlikely to work
Similar to the
Separate amenities act
, it limited the opportunities and social resources that black people could access. Throughout time pass, this policy could remain the situation of "African been the lowest in the society"
Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
this act remove Africans from any area within and next to the magisterial district of Johannesburg.
prohibited black people from purchasing or leasing land outside of designated areas
black people were no longer able to provide for themselves or their families and were forced to move far away from their homes
diminished power, communication, living for black people in developed and urbanised areas and the act overall contrained black people within society
Blacks were only given 13% of land - designated as “Homelands” – despite being 80% of the population.
According to the South African Council of Churches, between 1960 and 1985 an estimated 3.5 million black South Africans were forced to move to barren tribal reserves, called “homelands.
Education
The Bantu Education Act (1953)
legalised and reinforced racially separated educational facilities
reinforced as it placed the relevant political party in control of people's education
education manipulated and censored depending on relevant political parties
The government spent over seven times as much to educate a white child as it spent to educate a black child.
On average, there was one teacher in each white South African school for every 18 students while in black schools the ratio was one teacher for every 43 students.
Work
The Abolition of Passes Act
intended to force Black people to settle in specific places in order to provide White farmers with a steady source of labour
people within urban areas were required to carry passes/documents that authorised their travel
controlled the lives of black people and where they were allowed to be, used to maintain power over peoples lives and contain affected parties
black people could not marry white people or set up businesses in white areas
prohibited black people from entering urbanised areas without immediate employment
violation of the abolition of passes act resulted in deportation to poverty-stricken rural areas and removal of citizenships
The wages of Whites were 8X that of Blacks.
Only 3% of practicing doctors in South Africa were Bantu (black). Infant mortality among rural blacks was 282 per 1,000 births while among whites 12 per 1,000