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C1 Revision, image - Coggle Diagram
C1 Revision
States of Matter
Liquid
No fixed shape, but have fixed volume
Weak chemical bonds
Able to move past each other
Gas
No fixed shape or volume
No chemical bonds
Moves in all directions in high speeds
Most energy in particles in all 3 states
Solid
Fixed shape and volume
Have strong chemical bonds
Vibrates in fixed positions
Least amount of energy in particles in all 3 states
Diffusion: particles moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Only happens in liquids and gases
What would affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature: the higher the temperature, the more energy it gains and particles move faster
Molecular mass: the smaller the particles, the quicker they move
Passive process: doesn't require any additional energy input
Endothermic: Heat is taken into the surroundings
Melting
Boiling
Sublimation
Exothermic: Reaction that gives out energy, usually as heat
Condensing
Freezing
Deposition
Kinetic energy and The Particle Theory
Gas particles - lots of kinetic energy, so they can move in high speeds
Endothermic processes increase kinetic energy, exothermic processes decrease kinetic energy
Particle Theory: Theory that explains different properties and observations of solids, liquids and gases.
Melting: Solid particles vibrate around a fixed point. As more energy is supplied, vibrations increase until particles move past one another.
Boiling: Liquid particles can overlap and move past one another but remain bonded together. As more energy is supplied, bonds break and particles are free to escape.
Condensing: Gas particles move freely, quickly and randomly. As energy is lost, the particles slow down, eventually reforming chemical bonds with one another.
Freezing: As energy is lost, particles slow down and are less able to move past one another and movement is restricted to vibrations around a fixed point.
Changes of state
Melting - Solid to Liquid
Boiling - Liquid to Gas
Condensing - Gas to Liquid
Freezing - Liquid to Solid
Sublimation - Solid to gas
Deposition - Gas to Solid
