Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ORGAN SYSTEMS & THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOMEOSTASIS (Chapter 1.6 of…
ORGAN SYSTEMS & THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOMEOSTASIS (Chapter 1.6 of Textbook)
Integumentary System
Skin
Composed of different tissues; consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue layers. Assists in protection, sensation, Vit D production, thermoregulation
HOMEOSTASIS: Protect tissues, regulate body temp., support sensory receptors
Hair
Derivative of epidermis. Made of two parts: hair follicle and hair shaft. Involved in protection, sweat production, and other functions
Nails
Protective coverings on ends of fingers + toes
Sweat Glands
Exocrine gland; secretes mix of water, salt, and wastes (i.e. urea)
Sebaceous Glands
Skin gland that secretes sebum
Skeletal System
Bones
Composed of cells + inorganic/mineral matrix; is a connective tissue and type of cell...206 individual bones in skeleton
HOMEOSTASIS: Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts
Ligaments
Connective tissue that binds bones at an area termed the "joint"
Cartilages
Type of connective tissue in which cells are in lacunae separated by a semisolid extracellular matrix
Muscular System
Muscles
HOMEOSTASIS: Cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat
Nervous System
Brain
Large organ of the central nervous system
Spinal Cord
Part of the CNS; extends from the brainstem through vertebral canal
HOMEOSTASIS: Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands
Nerves
Bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
Sense Organ
Include eyes, ears, tongue, skin and nose and contain receptors that relay info through sensory neurons to nervous system
Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
Endocrine gland attached to base of brain that secretes melatonin (involved in biological rhythms)
HOMEOSTASIS: Control metabolic activities of body structures
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland just below larynx; secretes thyroid hormones
Parathyroid Gland
Endocrine glands embedded in posterior part of thyroid gland
Adrenal Glands
Endocrine gland on superior portion of each kidney
Pancreas
Glandular organ - secretes hormones insulin + glucagon into blood, as well as digestive enzymes into small intestine
Ovaries
Primary reproductive organ in females; produces oocyte
Testes
Reproductive organ in males that produce sperm
Pineal Gland
located in central part of brain; secretes melatonin and affects biological rhythms
Thymus
Gland that secretes hormones assisting in immune system development
Cardiovascular System
Heart
Main cardiovascular system organ; pumps blood
Arteries
Vessel that transports blood from heart
HOMEOSTASIS: Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances throughout the body
Capillaries
Small blood vessel - connects arteriole to venule; facilitates diffusional exchange of nutrients + wastes
Veins
Vessel that transports blood toward the heart
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic Vessels
Carry fluid from the extracellular fluid to blood
HOMEOSTASIS: Return tissue fluid to the blood, cary certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection
Lymph Nodes
Mass of lymphoid tissue along lymphatic vessels
Thymus
Gland that secretes hormones assisting in immune system development
Spleen
Large organ in upper left abdomen quadrant; processes old red blood cells
Digestive System
Mouth
Start of digestion; where food is received
Tongue
Muscular organ within oral cavity used to mix food
Teeth
Hard structures located within mandible + maxillae
Salivary Glands
Glands associated with the mouth - secrete saliva
Pharynx
Space behind nasal and oral cavity + larynx
Esophagus
Connects pharynx to stomach
Stomach
Digestive organ - located between esophagus and small intestine
Liver
Organ that detoxifies blood, stores glycogen + fat-soluble vitamins, synthesizes proteins.
Gallbladder
Organ associated with the liver - stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas
Glandular organ in abdominal cavity; secretes insulin + glucagon into blood as well as digestive enzymes into small intestine
Small & Large Intestine
Extends from stomach to cecum; consists of 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
HOMEOSTASIS: Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material
extends from ileum to anus; divided into 4 parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Space located within nose
Pharynx
Space posterior to nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
Larynx
Structure between pharynx and trachea that houses vocal cords
Trachea
Tubular organ that leads from larynx to bronchi
Bronchi
Carry air between the trachea and alveoli of the lungs
HOMEOSTASIS: Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood
Lungs
Spongy, air-filled organs located within thoracic cavity. Where main gas exchange occurs.
Urinary System
Kidneys
Blood filtration, removes waste, controls body's fluid balance, maintains electrolyte balance
Ureters
Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder
HOMEOSTASIS: Removes wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and eliminate urine
Urinary Bladder
Temporary storage reservoir for urine
Urethra
Tube leading from urinary bladder to outside of the body
Reproductive System
Male
Scrotum
Encloses testes; is a pouch of skin
Testes
Sperm cell-producing organ
Epididymides
Coiled tubule; leads from the seminiferous tubules to ductus deferens
Ductus Deferentia
Tube that leads from an epididymis to the urethra
HOMEOSTASIS: Produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract; produce and maintain oocytes, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, and function in birth process
Seminal Vescicles
Pair of pouches; adds fructose + prostaglandins to sperm
Prostate Gland
Gland surrounding the urethra; secretes fluid into semen prior to ejaculation
Bulbourethral Glands
Gland; secretes viscous fluid into urethra during arousal
Urethra
Tube leading from urinary bladder to external environment
Penis
Male external reproductive organ; where the urethra passes
Female
Ovaries
Oocyte producing organ
Uterine Tubes
Tube that extends from the uterus on each side toward an ovary
Uterus
Hollow muscular organ where fetus develops
Vagina
Organ that leads from uterus to vestibule
Clitoris
Small erectile organ in the anterior vulva
Vulva
External part surrounding vaginal opening