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Good Defense - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Paroxysms
    - - Recovery is gradual
    - - Runny nose
      - Low grade fever
      - Highly Contagious
  - - - Clinical diagnosis
      - PCR ( until the first half of the stage )
      - Serology ( from the secound half of the stage )
    - - Serology
    - - Culture
        
        Small glistening white gray colonies
      - PCR
  - - - Pertactin
      - Fimbriae agglutinogens
      - Filamentous haemagglutinin
        
        The main one
      - Lipo-oligo-saccharide
    - - Adenylate cyclase toxin
        
        More cAMP is produced
      - Pertussis toxin
        
        Inhibit GI activity
        
        More cAMP is produced
      - Tracheal cytotoxin
        
        Ciliary Stasis
        
        Cilia death
  - - - a contagious bacterial infection that causes damage to the upper respiratory tract that characterized by (paroxysms)
        
        caused by?
        
        Bordetella pertussis
        
        Morphology
        
        non- motile (no flagella)
        
        Obligate aerobic
        
        small ovoid baceilli
        
        Size (o.5 μm)
        
        gram negative
        
        Metachromatic granules
    - - respiratory complications
      - some sever neurological cases
      - may leads to death in infant less than 2 month
  - - - through
        
        droplets from cough and sneezes or contaminated surfaces and objects.
    - - by
        
        adhesion factors
    - - leading to
        
        accumulation of mucus causing the cough
    - - leading to
        
        anti-inflammatory
        
        anti-phagocytic
    - - leading to
        
        delayed inflammatory response and further multiplication and colonization
    - - leading to
        
        Capillary leakness
        
        Release blood content
        
        blood content enters the airway tissues
        
        Resulting Whooping noise Cough
- - - - live attenuated
      - subunit
      - inactivated(killed)
      - toxoid
        
        is example for
        
        DTaP
        
        which contain
        
        Pertussis
        
        Tetanus
        
        Diphtheria
  - - - BCG
      - Hep B
    - - ROTA 1
      - HEXA 1
      - PCV 1
    - - PCV 2
      - HEXA 2
      - OPV 1
      - ROTA 2
    - - Influenza
      - PCV 3
      - PENTA
      - OPV 2
    - - HEPA 1
      - Varicella 1
      - MMR 1
    - - OPV booster 2
      - DTaP B
      - Varicella 2
    - - PCV Booster
      - TETRA
    - - MMR 2
      - HEP A 2
      - OPV booster
    - - Meningococcal
    - - Tdap
  - - - Lethargic
      - Muscle and joint pain
      - Redness and pain at site of injection
      - Chills and fever
      - Headache
    - - Tachycardia
      - Dizziness
      - Difficulty breathing
      - Weakness
      - Swelling of the face and throat
      - All indicate an allergy reaction to the vaccine components
        
        Stabilizers
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Preservatives
        
        Adjuvants
  - - - when a large proportion of the community become immune to a disease, decreasing the spread of the disease among the population.
        
        due to
        
        Past infection
        
        vaccination
- - - - Lactone ring
      - Keton group
      - Amino sugars linked to the hydroxyl groups
    - - Bacteriostatic
    - - Binds to the 50s subunit and inhibit the translocation process
    - - Gram +ve and -ve cocci and rods
      - Sexually transmitted diseases ( Chlamydia)
      - Lung Disease caused by MAC and Pertussis
    - - Absorbtion
        
        Orally
      - Distribution
        
        well distributed but can't cross BBB
      - Metabolism
        
        mostly metabolised by the Liver
      - Elimination
        
        Excreted via the bile
    - - Motility receptors causing GI upset
      - Arrhythmia
      - Cholestatic Hepatitis
      - Rash
      - Eoisinophillia
  - - - 2 amino sugars linked with central hexose nucleus
    - - Bactericidal
    - - Binds to the 30s subunit and distorting its structure
    - - they are very good against Aerobic gram negative bacilli
      - Mycobacterium
      - Infective Endocarditis
    - - Absorbtion
        
        Highly polar
      - Distribution
        
        the concentration of the drug may be subtherapeutic
      - Metabolism
        
        they are not metabolized
      - Elimination
        
        via the Kidneys
    - - Ototoxicity
      - Nephrotoxicity
  - - - Cyclic rings
    - - Bacteriastatic
    - - target 30s subunit and prevent tRNA from binding
    - - Active against gram +ve and -ve bacteria
    - - Administered orally or IV
    - - GI upset
      - Tetragenic ( deposite in bones and teeth)
      - Dizziness
- - - - Reduce disease incidence
      - Health promotion
        
        Health education
        
        Lifestyle and behavioral changes
      - Specific protection
        
        Immunization
        
        Drugs and supplements
      - approaches
        
        Mass strategy
        
        directed to the whole population
        
        Targeted strategy
        
        directed to individuals at special risk
    - - Reduce prevalence
    - - Reduce risk
    - - Reduce complications
- - - - consists of
        
        Cellular components
        
        such as
        
        Macrophages
        
        Granulocytes
        
        Basophils
        
        Mast cells
        
        Dendritic cells
        
        NK cells
        
        Humoral Components
        
        such as
        
        Complement system
        
        Cytokines
    - - consists of
        
        Cellular components
        
        which are
        
        T lymphocytes
        
        which is responsible for
        
        Cell-mediated immunity
        
        B lymphocytes
        
        which is responsible for
        
        Humoral immunity
        
        Humoral components
        
        which are
        
        Antibodies
        
        is produced from
        
        are
        
        Specialized Y-shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key to the body's foreign invaders
        
        has five classes
        
        IgM
        
        IgA
        
        IgE
        
        IgD
        
        IgG
      - Has two types
        
        Active immunity
        
        can be either
        
        Natural immunity
        
        such as
        
        infection
        
        Artificial Immunity
        
        such as
        
        Vaccination
        
        Passive immunity
        
        can be either
        
        Natural immunity
        
        such as
        
        Maternal
        
        Artificial immunity
        
        such as
        
        Antibody transfer
- - - - The Upper Respiratory Tract
      - The lower Respiratory Tract
- - - - lips
      - mouth
      - fingernails