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moral reasoning and offending - Coggle Diagram
moral reasoning and offending
link between morality and offending
attitudes to laws and norms
knowledge of right and wrong
reasoning and criteria to justify behaviour
kohlberg: 6 stages, 3 levels
conventional
stage 3: concerned with others needs and relationships
stage 4: upholding societal rules to maintain order
postconventional
stage 5: rules are an interpersonal contract that can be broken in certain situations when necessary
stage 6: self chosen ethical principles which transcend societal rules and norms
preconvential
stage 1: moral reasoning determined by avoidance of punishment
stage 2: is hedonistic and concerned with reward/cost balance
gibb
stages 1 and 2: immature reasoning
stages 3 and 4: mature reasoning
no stage 5 or 6 because these cannot be attained spontaneously (high moral reasoning takes time and education
all stages are justifiable, eg stage 1 is justifiable when punishment is avoided, stage 5 is justified when the law break maintains basic human rights or furthers social justice (same crimes can have different justifications depending on level of moral development
lack of development due to cognitive distortions such as egocentric bias
moral reasoning develops between peers instead of parental role models (adults have progressed further than childrens
child rearing methods do have an impact on moral reasoning, however. inductive discipline, high parental warmth and low rejection, supportive but challenging environment and democratic family decision making.
reasoning criminal
rational choice perspective: individuals weigh up the costs and rewards and decide whether committing the crime is worth it
eg burglary
costs: consequences of getting caught. family/peer disapproval
benefits: material goods, if in an antisocial environment they're more likely to gain family/peer group approval instead of disapproval
limited'bounded rationality: rational thinking isn't objective so will differ from person to person depending on their lived experiences