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Primary amebic meningoencephalitis, Head frigidity - Coggle Diagram
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
Clinical Presentation
Appear from 1 to 9 days
Headache
No perception of odors or taste
Fever
Behavioral changes
Convulsions
Coma
Eradication program
Prevention
Personal actions to reduce the risk of Naegleria fowleri infection should focus on limiting the amount of water going up the nose and lowering the chances that Naegleria fowleri may be in the water.
Eradication
The eradication of naegleria fowleri is impossible since the epidemiology of the disease encompasses very wide ecosystems, so it is recommended to comply with the prevention measures mentioned above to help control it.
Control
The amoeba can be found in the following places:
Hot fresh water bodies such as lakes or rivers.
Geothermal waters
Hot wastewater discharged from industrial plants.
Poorly maintained pools with minimally chlorinated or non-chlorinated water.
Water heaters.
Naegleria fowleri grows best at high temperatures up to 115 ° F and can survive for short periods at higher temperatures.
Naegleria fowleri is not found in salt water like the oceans. For this reason, to control the disease it is essential to maintain good freshwater and avoid entering rivers, lakes, or poorly maintained freshwater pools of doubtful origin.
Diagnostic
Lumbar puncture
mobile forms (flagellates) in cerebrospinal fluid
PCR
of cerebrospinal fluid
Imaging study
Immunohistochemical tests
Amoebic culture
Life cycle
Naegleria fowleri
presents three stages
trophozoite
replicate by promitosis
intact membrane
found in fresh water, land, thermal discharges, medicinal tubs, aquariums, and drains
Trophozoites can transform into temporary flagellate forms and usually revert to the trophozoite stage.
Trophozoites infect humans and animals by penetrating the olfactory neuroepithelium and reaching the brain
trophozoites are found in cerebrospinal fluid
flagella are found in the cerebrospinal fluid.
flagellate
cyst
it is an amoeba that belongs to the protozoa
found in contaminated water
Treatment
Anphotericin B
Fluconazol
Miltefosine
not very effective
Head frigidity
