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Child in respiratory distress, Poor Gas exchange, Traumatic Injury -…
Child in respiratory distress
Lungs
Pleural effusion or structural lung damage
Potential trauma seen as his arm being in a sling
Pneumothorax
increased intrapleural preassure
More work required to expand the collapsed lung
Increased use of accesssory muscles
Intercostal muscle retraction
Infection
? Kussmals sign?
Upper respiratory
Tracheal deviation
Pneumothorax
Away from the lesion
Object in R main Bronchus, or airway
Intra-tracheal burns or inflammation
Peripheral
Redistribution of blood away fromm the periphery
Poor peripheral perfusion
Metabolic Abnormalities
Either low anion-gap or high anion gap (Metabolic would be due to low HCO3 in serum). DKA etc
Poor oxygenation of haemoglobin
peripheral cyanosis and poor capillary refil time
acidosis or alkalosis
Asthma(alkalosis) -> V/Q mismatch
renal failure
GI loss e.g. diarrhoea
severe vomitting
Severe Dehydration
Poisoning (CAT MUDPILES)
Low level of consciousness
Low oxygen supply to brain
Lack of glucose to brain
Shock
Cerebral oedema
Cardiac
Congenital defect
Pulmonary embolus
atrio/ventriculo septal defects
poor oxygenation of blood
Atrial fibrillation
heart failure
Cardiac Tamponade
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
Marfan - aortic dissection from trauma
immunogenic
asthma
anaphylaxis
CNS
Phrenic nerve injury
repiratory depression
exogenous substances
Medications - Anti-cholinergics with comprised clearance either through GFR or hepatic restriction of this
muscular dystrophy
Poor Gas exchange
Fluid, pneumothorax (collapsed), blood (trauma), infection (pneumonia etc)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Traumatic Injury - Collapsed Lung (poor perfusion)
Respiratory Acidosis