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Ashley Gonzalez P.1: Muscular - Coggle Diagram
Ashley Gonzalez P.1: Muscular
major functions of the muscular system
produce movement: locomotion and manipulation (walking, digestings, blood pumping)
maintain posture and body position
stabilize joints
generate heat as they contract
action potential in a muscle fiber
AP arrives at axon terminal
calcium channels open and calcium enters motor neuron
Calcium causes release of ACh neurotransmitter into synpatic cleft
ACh diffuses across ACh receptors on sarcolemma
ACh binds to receptors, opening the gates allowing Na+ to enter allowing end plate
Acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh
sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
contraction is the activation of the cross bridges
when it eends the cross bridges become inactive
thin n thick filaments overlap ends of a bands
when stimulation myosin(thick) heads attach to actin(thin)
muscle coverings
muscle
outer is the epimysium is the outer covering and made up of many FASCICLE bundles
fascicle
surrounded by perimysium and msucle fiber within
muscle fiber
the nucleus can be seen through the outside, the top covering is endomysium and under that is the sarcolemma then within are the bundles of myofibril
name all the skeletal muscles
face muscles
temporalis
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
zyomayicus
orbicularis oris
platysma
masseter
anterior
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
rectus abdomnis
external oblique
iliopsoas
pectineus
adductor longus
vastar lateralis
gastrocnemius
tibialus anterior
extensor digitorum
fibularis longus
soleus
vasttus medialis
rectus femoris
gracili
palmar longus
flexr carpi radialis
brachioradialuis
bicep branchi
deltiod
trapezius
sternodeidomastiod
prosterior
trapezius
infraspinatus
teres major
latissimus dorsi
flexor carpi ulnaris
gluteus maximus
semitendinosus
gracilis
fibularis longs
calcaneal achilles
gastronemius
hamstring
extensor digitorum
tricep branchii
phombiod major
deltoid
sarcomere
smallest functional unit,
contains a band with 1/2 of each I band and located at the end
area between z discs
sarcomere align end to end along myofibril
neuromuscular junction
axon branches end on muscle fibers which create the neuromuscular junctions
3 types of muscles & their fuctions
skeletal
attached to bones and some facial muscles
single, long, cylindrical, multinucleated, obvious striations
cardiac
in the walls of the heart
branching, uni/bi-nuckeated, striations
smooth
unitary muscles in walls of hollow visceral organs (eye muscles, airways,arteries)
cell: single, single,spindle shaped, uninucleated, no striations
disorders
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): muscle destroying dieases , can make 1 out of 3600 2-7 year old boys be clumsy and potentially affects head, chest muscles, and cardiac muscles
rigor mortis: calcium levels increase because atp no longer is synthesize which leads to calcium not being able to be pumped back
myasthenia gravis: shortage of ach because they have been attacked, this causes eyes dropping, difficultiy in talking or swallowing and muscle weakness