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Muscular System Marisol Gomez Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System Marisol Gomez Period 1
Skeletal Muscles
Trapezius
deltoid
sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
bicep brachii
tricep brachii
brachioradialis
flex carpi radialis
rectus abdominis
external oblique
infraspinatus
teres major
latissimus dorsi
extensor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnarius
extensor digitorum
Gluteus maximus
iliopsoas
adductor longus
sartorius
gracilis
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
bicep femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis longus
gastrocnemius
soleus
masseter
orbicularis oris
playsma
buccinator
zygomaticus
epicranius
temporalis
orbicularis oculi
epicranial aponeurosis
Types of muscle
Cardiac: wall of heart To keep pumping blood that circulates the body.
Skeletal: Attached to bones to skin. Main function for movement
Smooth: Unitary muscle in wall of hollow organs. Main function for contraction
Sacromere
smallest contractile unit
connects to end of myofbrils
between 2 discs
has an A band and half an I band
at cross section has hexagonal arrangement
one thick filament surrounded by 6 think filaments
Neuromuscular Junction:
AP arrives at axon terminal
Voltage gated channels open , calcium enters motor neuron
Calcium entry = release of ACH
ACH diffuses on sarcolemma
ACH binds to receptor , gate opens and NA+ enters.
Acetylcholinesterase degrade ACH
Sliding Filament Theory:
Sliding filament model of contraction , the slide passes thick filaments. The actin and myosin then overlap. Energy of ATP used to create power stroke between thin and thick filaments.
Z Disc: disc pulled to M line
I band : shortens
Z disc: become closer
H: zone dissapear
A band: Mover closer
Disorders:
Rigor Mortis: 3-4 after death. Muscles stiffen. intracellular calcium increases because of ATP. Muscles stay connected until the muscle protein breaks down.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Most common and serious of muscle destroying. Sex linked recessive. When progresses, affects head, chest, muscle and cardiac muscle. Cause, defective gene dystrophin
Myasthenia Gravis: Drooping under eyelids.
Shortage of ach receptor
Action Potential:
3 Steps
Generation of end plate potential
Depolarization: generation and propagation of an action potential
Repolarization: restoration of resting condition
Inside= negative
outside: positive
Major Functions of Skeletal :
Produce movement : locomotion and manipulation
Maintain Posture and body position
Stabilize Joints
Generate heat as they contract
Muscle Covering:
Muscle: hundreds to thousands of muscle cell , CT tissue wrapping. Blood Vessel and nerve fibers. Covered by epimysium
Fascicle : separated from rest of muscle by CT sheath. Surrounded by perimysium
Muscle Fiber: elongated multinucleate cell. Banded appearance. Surrounded by endomysium.