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Nervous system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The somatic nervous system — which allows us to consciously or voluntarily control our skeletal muscles. The somatic system contains 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves.
        
        Nerves — which are made up of special cells called neurons. Neurons are comprised of a dendrite, a cell body and an axon. Impulses travel to the dendrite into the cell body and then onto the axon. A special sheath called myelin, which increases the conductivity of the neuron, covers some nerves.
- - - - Peripheral system - this connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
- - - - Cerebrum - the largest part of the brain. It is the centre for thought and intelligence. It is divided into right and left hemispheres. The right hemisphere controls movement and activities on the left side of the body. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. Within the cerebrum are areas for speech, hearing, smell, sight, memory, learning and motor and sensory areas.
        
        Cerebellum - lies below the cerebrum at the back of the skull. Its functions are to control voluntary muscles, balance and muscle tone.
        
        Cerebral cortex - the outside of the cerebrum. Its function is learning, reasoning, language and memory.
        
        Medulla - controls heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing and vomiting. Together with the pons and the midbrain, the medulla forms the brainstem that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
    - - Frontal Lobe
        
        Responsible for thinking, speech production and movement control
      - Parietal Lobe
        
        Responsible for perceiving sensations and processing sounds.
      - Temporal Lobe
        
        Responsible for memory, speech perception and hearing
      - Occipital Lobe
        
        Responsible for visual perception.
    - - The spinal cord is about 45 cms long, extending from the medulla down to the second lumbar vertebrae. It acts as a message pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. Nerves conveying impulses from the brain, otherwise known as motor nerves, travel through the spinal cord down to the various organs of the body. When the impulses reach the appropriate level they leave the cord to travel to the target organ.
      - Sensory nerve impulses also use the spinal cord to travel from various parts of the body up to the brain.