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Skeletal Athena P. P.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - axis
      - atlas
  - - - talus
      - calcaneus
- - - - packets of adjacent osteoblasts and osteoclasts coordinate remodeling process
- - - - Incomplete
        
        not fully broken
      - Complete
        
        broken all the way through
    - - Open
        
        skin is penetrated
      - Closed
        
        skin isn't penetrated
    - - nondisplaced: ends retain normal position
      - displaced: ends are out of normal alignment
  - - - Fibroartilaginous callus formation
        
        Capillaries grow into hematoma, phagocytic cells grow into hematoma. Then, Fibroclasts secrete collagen fibers to reconstruct bone.
      - Bony Callus Formation
        
        callus turns into bony hard callus of spongy bone and continues for 2 months.
      - Hematoma formation
        
        formation of mass blood clot; hematoma
      - Bone Remodeling
        
        Process that continues for months and compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shift walls.
- - - - Fibrous
        
        bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissues and most are immovable
        
        3 types
        
        Syndesmoses
        
        bones are connected by ligaments and bands of fibrous tissues
        
        long fibers: a large amount of movement
        
        short fibers: little to no movement
        
        Gomphoses
        
        peg-in socket joints and holds teeth in alevolar sockets
        
        Sutures
        
        rigid, interlocking joints of skull that allow growth for youth
      - Synovial
        
        seperated by fluid-filled cavity
        
        diarthrotic (freely movable)
        
        majority of limb joints
        
        Characteristics
        
        contain bursae and tendon sheaths
        
        reduce friction when joints rub together. Sheaths are elongated bursae wrapped around tendons subjected to friction
        
        stability is influenced by 3 factors
        
        6 general features
        
        reinforcing ligaments
        
        Capsular: thickened part of fibrous layer
        
        Intracapsular: deep into capsule
        
        Extracapsular: outside the capsule
        
        synovial fluid: filtrate of plasma and hylauronic acid
        
        articular capsule: a thick external fibrous layer and thick inner synovial membrane
        
        Joint cavity: small, fluid-filled potential space that is unique to joint
        
        Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones
        
        Nerves and blood cells
        
        several types of movement
        
        6 different types
        
        Types
        
        Saddle
        
        Ball-andSocket
        
        Pivot
        
        condylar
        
        Hinge
        
        Plane
        
        Range of motion
        
        Nonaxial: slipping movements
        
        Uniaxial: movement in one plane
        
        Biaxial: movement in two planes
        
        Multiaxial: movement in or all around planes
        
        Movements
        
        Abduction: moving limb away from body midline in frontal plane
        
        Adduction: moving limb toward body midline frontal plane
        
        Extension: increasing angle between two bones
        
        circumduction:moving limb or finger in a cone space
        
        Flexion: decreasing angle between two bones usually in sagittal planes
        
        Lateral rotation: rotating away from median plane
        
        Gliding: sliding flat surfaces of two bones across eachother
        
        Medial rotation: rotating toward median plane
      - Cartiliaginous
        
        bones are united by cartilage
        
        no joint cavity
        
        not highly movable
        
        2 types
        
        Symphses
        
        unites in symphsis joint and are strong slightly movable joints
        
        Synchondroses
        
        bar/plate of hyaline cartilage that unites bones and are mainly all immovable
    - - Amphiarthoses: slightly movable
      - Diarthroses: slightly movable
      - Synarthoses: immovable