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WHAT IS ATTACHMENT THEORY?, MEMBERS: ALARCÓN, GANDHARI; MONTENEGRO, BELÉN;…
WHAT IS ATTACHMENT THEORY?
Factors That Influence Attachment
Opportunity for attachment
Children who do not have a primary care figure
may fail to develop the sense of trust needed to form an attachment
Quality caregiving
When caregivers respond quickly and consistently
children learn that they can depend on the people who are responsible for their care
How the Attachment Theory Developed
British psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist, describing it as a "lasting psychological connection
What Bowlby discovered is that attachment is characterized by clear patterns of behavior and motivation.
Some theories thought that attachment was a learned behavior
They proposed that attachment was only the result of the nurturing relationship between the child and the caregiver.
Understanding Attachment
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person
Bowlby believed that the first bonds that are formed in the early years have great impact throughout life.
He also mentioned that attachment also serves to keep the baby close to the mother in order to ensure the survival of the child.
attachment as a product of evolutionary processes.
The subject of attachment theory
The central theme is that caregivers are available and responsive to a baby's needs and develop a sense of security.
The baby knows that the caregiver is trustworthy, creating a secure foundation for the child to later explore the world.
Patterns of Attachment
Ambivalent
Children become very distressed when a parent leaves
Result of poor parental availability
Avoidant
Children tend to avoid parents or caregivers
Result of abusive or neglectful caregivers
Disorganized
Children display a confusing mix of behavior, seeming disoriented, dazed, or confused
Lack of a clear attachment pattern
Secure
Children who can depend on their caregivers show distress when separated and joy when reunited
The Stages of Attachment
Pre-Attachment Stage
From birth to 3 months
infants do not show any particular attachment to a specific caregiver
Indiscriminate Attachment
Between 6 weeks of age to 7 months
infants begin to show preferences for primary and secondary caregivers
Discriminate Attachment
about 7 to 11 months of age
infants show a strong attachment and preference for one specific individual
Multiple Attachments
9 months of age
children begin to form strong emotional bonds with other caregivers beyond the primary attachment figure
Ainsworth's "Strange Situation"
study revealed the profound effects of attachment on behavior
observed children
of 12 and 18 months
Three major styles of attachment
secure attachment
Ambivalent-insecure attachment
avoidant-insecure attachment
Main and Solomon added a fourth attachment style
Disorganized-insecure attachment
Maternal Deprivation Studies
Harry Harlow's
Studies on maternal deprivation
newborn rhesus monkeys were separated from their birth mothers and reared by surrogate mothers.
Demonstrated that early attachments were the result of receiving comfort and care from a caregiver rather
Than simply the result of being fed.
The Lasting Impact of Early Attachment
Children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder
Frequently display attachment problems
Due to early abuse, neglect, or trauma
Early attachments can have a serious impact on later relationships
Securely attached as infants tend to develop stronger self-esteem and better self-reliance as they grow older
MEMBERS: ALARCÓN, GANDHARI; MONTENEGRO, BELÉN; REYES, ROSANGEL Y TINCO, NIKOL