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Chapter FourDefining the Project (定義專案) - Coggle Diagram
Chapter FourDefining the Project
(定義專案)
Acceptance criteria(驗收標準)
與顧客(內、外部顧客)一同檢閱完成專案清單並了解確認專案預期。確認主要完成事項、預算、時間、績效要求,是否包含了限制與例外問題?針對各議題必需有清楚的溝通,以免顧客索賠或誤解
Cost account(成本帳戶)
用來發展階層式工作分解的主要編組。會定義主要專案工作交付標的/系統,然後定義完成較大交付標的所需的資交付標的。這個程序會不斷重複,直到次交付標的已經小到足以管理,並且可由一個人獨立負責為止。這個粢交付標的會被繼續切割為工作包。所以工作包是以工作類型來做歸類,例如硬體、程式設計、測試。這些位於次交付標的裡的編組都被稱為成本帳戶。
Gold plating(鍍金)
做多餘的事情造成成本超支、時程不及而專案範圍變的需要擴大延伸
Milestone(里程碑)
專案進行到某個時間點所發生的重要事件,時程僅顯示工作主要切割,代表最早粗做的專案時間、成本及資源。例如:需在某個時間點完成某項目測試工作及完工。
Organization breakdown structure (OBS)(組織分解結構)
Provides a framework to summarize organization unit work performance.(提供一個用來匯總組織單位的工作績效。)
Identifies the organization units responsible for work packages.(確定負責工作包的組織單位。)
Depicts how the firm has organized to discharge work responsibility.(描述公司如何組織履行工作職責。)
Ties the organizational unit to cost control accounts.(將組織單位與成本控制帳戶聯繫在一起。)
The intersection of work packages and the organization unit creates a project cost point or cost account that integrates work and responsibility.(工作包與組織單位的交會建立一個將工作和責任整合的專案成本點或成本帳戶。)
priority matrix(𠌘先矩陣)
Enhance—a criterion should be optimized.(加強——一個標準應該最佳化。)
Accept—a criterion is tolerable not to meet the original parameter.(接受——一個標準是可以容忍不符合原來的參數。)
Constrain—original parameter is fixed.(限制一原參數是固定的。)
Process breakdown structure (PBS)(程序分解結構 (PBS))
Is used for process-oriented projects.(用於專案過程的導向。)
Is often referred to as the “waterfall method” in the software industry.(在軟體行業,通常被稱為“瀑布式方法”。)
Product scope description(產品範圍說明)
Is a short, one- to two-page summary of key elements of the scope, followed by extended documentation of each element.(範圍的關鍵元素是簡短、一到兩頁的摘要,然後是每個元素的擴展文檔。)
Is also referred to as “statements of work (SOWs)”(也稱為「工作說明(SOWs)“)
Project charter(專案章程)
Is a documentation that authorizes the project manager to initiate and lead the project.(是授權專案經理啟動和領導專案的文件。)
Often includes a brief scope description as well as such items as risk limits, business case, spending limits, and even team composition.(通常包括簡要的範圍描述,以及風險限制、顧客需求、支出限制甚至團隊組成等專案。)
Responsibility Matrix (RM)(責任矩陣 (RM))
Summarizes the tasks to be accomplished and who is responsible for what on the project.(總結要完成的任務,以及誰負責專案的內容。)
Lists all the project activities and the participants responsible for each activity.(列出所有專案活動和負責每個活動的參與者。)
Is also called a linear responsibility chart.(也稱為線性責任圖。)
Clarifies interfaces between units and individuals that require coordination.(闡明需要協調的單位和個人之間的關鍵介面。)
Provides a mean for all participants in a project to view their responsibilities and agree on their assignments.(為專案的所有參與者提供檢視其職責並就其任務達成工具。)
Clarifies the extent or type of authority exercised by each participant.(明確每個參與者行使的職權的範圍或類型。)
Scope Creep(範圍延伸)
Is the tendency for the project scope to expand over time—usually by changing requirements, specifications, and priorities.(是專案範圍隨時間擴大的趨勢——通常是通過改變需求、規範和優先順序。)
WBS Dictionary(WBS 詞典)
Provides detailed information about each element in the WBS.(提供有關 工作分解結構WBS 中每個元素的詳細資訊。)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)(工作分解結構 (WBS))
Defines the relationship of the final deliverable (the project) to its sub-deliverables, and, in turn, their relationships to work packages.(定義最終可交付(專案)與其次交付標的的關係,進而定義其與工作包的關係。)
Serves as a framework for tracking cost and work performance.(作為追蹤成本和工作績效的架構。)
Identifies the products and work elements involved in a project.(識別專案中涉及的產品和工作元素。)
Is best suited for design and build projects that have tangible outcomes rather than process-oriented projects.(最適合設計和建造具有實際成果的專案,而不是以流程為導向的專案。)
Is a hierarchical outline of the project with different levels of detail.(是具有不同詳細程度的專案的層級大綱。)
Work package(工作包)
Should not exceed 10 workdays or one reporting period.(不應超過10個工作日或一個報告期。)
Should be as independent of other work packages of the project as possible.(應盡可能獨立於專案的其他工作包。)
Is a short-duration task that has a definite start and stop point, consumes resources, and represents cost.(是一項短期任務,具有明確的起點和停止點,消耗資源,代表成本。)
Is the basic unit used for planning, scheduling, and controlling the project.(是用於規劃、調度和控制專案的基本單位。)
Is the lowest level of the WBS.(是 WBS【工作分解】 的最低層級。)
Each Work Package in the WBS(WBS 中的每個工作包)
Identifies a time-phased budget to complete a work package (cost).(確定完成工作包(成本)的分階段預算。)
Identifies resources needed to complete a work package (how much).(確定完成工作包所需的資源(多少)。)
Identifies time to complete a work package (how long).(確定完成工作包的時間(多久)。)
Identifies a single person responsible for units of work (who).(確定負責工作單位的專責人員(誰)。)
Defines work (what).(定義工作(什麼)。)
Identifies monitoring points for measuring progress (how well).(確定衡量進度的監測點(效果如何)。)