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Conflict Management - Coggle Diagram
Conflict Management
Power
Behavior control - When someone can affect the behavior of another person so that they act in ways that person would not otherwise choose to act.
Ideology - System of ideas, beliefs, and norms that are widely accepted in society but arbitrarily serve to favor some social groups.
Direct Application of Power - Compel others to respond, regardless of what is wanted.
Direct and Virtual use of power - Attempt to elicit others compliance by communicating the use of direct force.
Indirect use of power - Attempt to shape the interaction even without making the use of power explicit.
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Professional Example - Different organizations I have been a part of have used different forms of power. For example, in the military, they use a lot of direct application of power utilizing the rank structure and at my current employment, they use a more ideological source of power because we all share common values and beliefs.
Contemporary Example - The federal government mandating COVID vaccines is a direct use of power and as a result behavior control.
Power in itself can change how the conflict progresses. If someone is able to hold power over another it can have a fundamental effect on the conflict itself. For example, if a party is able to use direct power, one party holds all the control and the other must abide by their rules.
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Conflict Styles
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Certain conflict styles such as compromising, collaborating and accommodating can lead to an integration of ideas and get closer to solution.
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Cultural, Gender, and Racial Influences on Conflict Styles
Gender - Men and women do not differ in tactics or styles, however there are differences in how the genders are expected to think and act
Racial and Ethnic Influences - Identity makes the largest difference. Groups with strong ethnic or racial identities used a collaborating style. While groups with less identity used less compromising and collaborating
Cultural - Different styles are prominent in different cultures. Japan - Avoiding, Arab - High in Cooperativeness, San Andras - High Aggression. Influences other than culture had a greater influence on negotiation behavior.
Professional Example - In a professional setting it is extremely important to be aware of the cultural differences of those you are working with and to be extremely accepting and accommodating of them. During my time in the military I served with people from all over the country and the world and being accepting and accommodating for culture differences can go a long way.
Contemporary Example - In more recent times a lot of these issue have come to light. A large example of this being George Floyd and the issues and court case surrounding it.
Cultural, gender, and racial differences can escalate conflicts beyond what would seem normal because of miscommunications or unique problems that could arise.
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Ownership
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Understanding ownership is an intrinsic process that requires a lot of self awareness and personal control,
Personal Example - In my life I have taken to utilizing ownership as a vital tool when it comes to conflicts. Most notably in my marriage it allows for better communication and better resolution when I am able to take ownership for my own shortfalls and cooperate with my partner to find solutions.
Contemporary Example - An example of ownership is when ex bachelor host Chris Harrison admitted to his mistake of the comments he made earlier in the season. He took ownership of his actions and left his position as host.
Ownership goes hand in hand with Saving-face. By saving face you are showing to others that you are authentic in your actions, thus increasing their perception of you.
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Stages of Conflict
Three differnt models - Rummels Five Stages, Pondys Model, Stage models of Negotionation
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Framing
Umbrellas - Issues one party introduces to legitimize grievances when the original issue is one that others would not normally accept
Issue Expansion - Extra issues are attached to the conflict in order to increase the apparent distance between parties positions.
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Fractionation - Can be used to promote integration. Involves breaking a complex conflict into component issues.
Introspection
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The soul wants truth, not trivia.
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When you speak on your deepest emotions you don't want to be fixed or saved, rather you want to be seen or heard.
Conflict
Interdependence - Incentives to both co operate and compete determined by ones gain from the conflict.
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Conflict is perceived as some form on incompatibility and will force others to interfere with own desires or goals.
By how the issue is framed can determine how the conflict progresses and sets each parties position.
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Identity Influences
Face Saving - Makes inflexibility likely because face-saving concerns usually include the real possibility of a future impasse in conflict. Face-loss can exacerbate or create conflict between parties.
Conflict styles - A persons orientation towards conflict. Styles identify types of people or personalities. Using styles is an active process and is not something people simply put on and forget about.
Conflict Strategies - A parties set plan for the conflict, require the party to plan out a definite set of tactics or behaviors.
Identity Influences can help shape what conflict style one chooses to use. These identity influences have direct impact on how willing or unwilling someone is to cooperate.
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Face Saving Frames
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Refusing to Give on a Position - Fears that they will compromise a position or stand they have taken on some issue.
Suppressing Conflict Issues - Able to reach agreement without conflict or that people can handle any conflict without seeking outside help.
Depending on the frame can determine how the conflict style. For example if one is refusing to give on a position this can fall into a competing or avoiding conflict style.
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Mindful Listening
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Asking questions, summarizing, asking for clarification, patience, neutral, verbal and non verbal feedback.
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Dimensions of Face
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Contemporary Example - A current example of saving face is that of the OJ Simpson trial. It was a large public perception that he killed his wife and it was his pursuit to save his face and change public perception.
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