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CVS drugs - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Drugs
        
        Quinidine
        
        Cinchonism
        
        GI distress
        
        Thrombocytopenia
        
        Disopyramide
        
        Antimuscarinic effect
        
        Phenytoin
        
        Procainamide
        
        DI-SLE
        
        Torsades
      - QT ^, PR inc. or dec.
      - For any arrythmia
    - - Drugs
        
        Lidocaine
        
        Digoxin Toxicity
        
        Mexiletine
        
        Longer than Lidocaine
      - Only works on ischemic tissue
      - Causes CNS sedation or excitation
    - - Flecainide
      - Refractory arrythmia
      - Slight PR ^
  - - - Propranolol
      - Metoprolol
      - Esmolol
        
        Used perioperatively
    - - Post-MI prophylaxis
      - Sudden cardiac death
      - Ventricular arrythmia
  - - - Purely K+
        
        Dofetilide
        
        Ibutilide
      - Beta blocker
        
        Sotalol
      - Amiodarone
        
        I, II, III, IV effects
        
        PR ^, QRS ^
        
        Excellent drug used refractorily
        
        Toxicities
        
        Corneal depositions
        
        Pulmonary fibrosis
        
        Thyroid dysfunction
        
        Phototoxicity
        
        Skin discoloration
        
        Smurf skin
  - - - DOC for acute emergency cases
      - May cause hypotension and flushing and headache
      - Great dyspnea
      - Very short HL
    - - Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia are both arrythmogenic
    - - can be used to treat torsades
- - - - Furosemide
        
        ototoxicity
        
        hypokalemia
    - - hyperglycemia
      - hypokalemia
  - - - veratrum
      - Baroreceptor agents
    - - Clonidine
        
        Rebound hypertension
      - Methyldopa
        
        +ve Coombs Test
        
        Hemolytic anemia
        
        Sedation
        
        Preexisting HT
      - Major compensatory salt retention
    - - Hexamethonium
      - Trimethaphan
    - - Reserpine
      - Guanethedine
      - MAOi
    - - Nonselective
        
        Too many effects
      - Selective
        
        Better options available
        
        first dose orthostatic hypotension
    - - Propranolo, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Carvedilol
      - Nebivolol
      - Renin inhibiting effect
  - - - Minoxidil
        
        great compensatory response
        
        Hirsutism
      - Diazoxide
        
        Treat hypoglycemia
        
        IV bolus
    - - Verapamil, Diltiazem
        
        Heart effect
      - -dipines
        
        Vessel effect
      - Constipation
    - - Hydralazine
        
        DI-SLE
      - Nitroprusside
        
        quick acting
        
        Cyanide toxicity
        
        excessive hypotension
  - - - minimal compensation
      - side effects
        
        Cough
        
        C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
        
        Bradykinin
        
        Hereditary angioedema
        
        Hyperkalemia
        
        Renal damage
        
        But protect Nephro. DI
        
        Contraindicated in pregnancy
    - - Losartan
      - Same side effects as ACEi
    - - Aliskiren
- - - - Types
        
        Intermediate
        
        Oral
        
        Slow
        
        Transdermal
        
        Ultrafast
        
        Amyl nitrite
        
        Fast
        
        Sublingual
      - Toxicity
        
        Due to vasodilation
        
        Hypotension
        
        ED
        
        PDEi interaction
        
        Nitrites
        
        Cause methemoglobinemia
        
        Treatment of cyanide toxicity
        
        Amyl nitrite
        
        Sodium Nitrite
        
        Sodium Thiosulfate
        
        Antidote
        
        Hydroxycobalamin
        
        Methylene Blue
  - - - Vasospastic Angina
        
        Raynauds Phenomenon
      - Heart toxicity
        
        AV node depression
  - - - Na/Ca channel effect
      - pFOXi
      - Used in prophylaxis
    - - Na channel at SA node
        
        less effort
- - - - Digoxin
        
        Na/K inhibition
        
        Parasympathomimetic respone
        
        Later arrythmogenic
        
        Automaticity increased
        
        Usages
        
        Heart failure
        
        Not curative
        
        A fib
        
        Interactions
        
        Quinidine, Verapamil
        
        Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypercalcemia
        
        Vomiting induced
        
        Toxicity
        
        Electrolyte disturbance
        
        Antiarrythmics
        
        Antibody
    - - Dobutamine/Dopamine
    - - Milrinone/ Inamrinone
  - - - Hydralazine
      - Nitroprusside
    - - ACEi
      - Nesiritide
  - - - good long term benefits
      - Gynecomastia
- - - - CAi
        
        Bicarbonate secretion
        
        H+ decreased
        
        Less Na/K
        
        Acetazolamide
        
        Usage
        
        Glacuoma
        
        Acute Mountain sickness
        
        Metabolic alkalosis
        
        Side effect
        
        Sulfa drug allergies
        
        Renal stones
        
        Hyperammonemia
    - - Loop
        
        NKCC2
        
        Reduced divalent cation reabsorption
        
        Furosemide
        
        Ethacrynic acid
        
        Usages
        
        Edematous states
        
        CHF
        
        Ascites
        
        Pulmonary edema
        
        Hypercalcemia
        
        Diuresis without volume replacement
        
        Hemoconcentration not work
        
        Toxicity
        
        Sulfa drug
        
        Ototoxicity
        
        Hypokalemia
    - - Thiazides
        
        Na/Cl transporter
        
        Hydrochlorothiazide
        
        Uses
        
        HTN
        
        N-DI
        
        Renal calcium stones
        
        Toxicity
        
        Hyponatremia
        
        Sulfa allergy
        
        Hyperuricemia
        
        Hyperglycemia
        
        Hypokalemia
        
        Met. Alkalosis
    - - K+ sparing diuretics
        
        ENaC and Na/K+ ATPase
        
        Drugs
        
        Eplerenone
        
        Spironolactone
        
        cause gynecomastia
        
        used in Aldosteronism
        
        ENaC
        
        Amiloride
        
        Triamterene
        
        Toxicity
        
        Metabolic Acidosis
        
        Hyperkalemia
    - - Mannitol
      - Uses
        
        Maintain high urine flow
        
        Severe hemolysis
        
        Rhabdomyolysis
        
        Tumor lysis syndrome
        
        Glaucoma
      - Toxicity
        
        Hyponatremia
        
        followed by Hypernatremia
        
        Pulmonary edema
  - - - Desmopressin
      - used in C-DI
      - cause hyponatremia
        
        Hypertension
    - - Drugs
        
        Tolvaptan
        
        more selective than conivaptan
        
        Demeclocycline
        
        old
        
        Lithium
        
        not used
      - used in SIADH
      - toxicity
        
        Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
        
        Enamel and Bone problems in children