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CONTRIBUTIONS OF EACH PERIOD TO THE INTELLECTUAL AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION…
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EACH PERIOD TO THE INTELLECTUAL AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
MesoAmerica
Aztec Civilization
Developed chocolates from cacao
Antispamodic medication
Invention of canoe (narrow boat used for travelling in water system)
Chinampa (technology for agricultural farming; land is divided into rectangular areas surrounded by canals)
Mandatory Education
Aztec calendar
Mayan Civilization
Astrological cycles in planting
Used mica to devise glittery paint
Created number system based on numeral 20
Writing system-Mayan Hieroglyphics
Pyramid of Chichen Itza
Rubber products
Inca Civilization
Irrigation system and water storage system
Inca textiles
Quipu, system of knotted ropes
Calendar with 12 months to mark their religous festivals and prepare them for planting seasons
Stone buildings and roads paved with stones
First suspension bridge
Asian Civilization
Indian Civilization
Explained the use of zero and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system
Ayurveda (system of traditional medicine)
Developed theories on the configuration of the universe
Susruta Samhita (acient text describing different surgical procedures)
Manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works
Tried to standardize measurement of length to a higher degree of accuracy
Developed understanding of the five karmas or actions to remove toxins
China
Made significant records on supernovas and eclipses
Developed compass, paper making, gunpowder, printing tools, iron plow, wheelbarrow, propellers, porcelain, crossbow
Invented the first seismological detector
Acupuncture (traditional medicine)
Africa
Development of geometry was a product of necessity to preserve the layout and ownership of farmlands along Nile river
Center of Alchemy (medieval forerunner of chemistry)
Early science activities were developed to improve the quality of life especially in building homes and dams
Created measurement mathematics for construction purposes (cubit system as a measurement of length)
Developed methods in engineering like methods in surveying of the lands along the Nile river, creation of dams, canals, and even the irrigation system
Middle East
Ibn al-Haytham (Father of Optics; established an empirical proof of the informission theory of light)
Muhammad ibn Musa alKhwarizmi (Gave the name algorithm and algebra)
Ibn Sina (pioneered science of experimental medicine and conducted the first clinical trials)
They brought the Greek Aristotelian reason based debate about nature of the cosmos into the Islamic social context
Established a lot of infrastructures as house of knowledge, like observatories, hospital, public libraries, and Madrasas, an Islamic college
Invented the astrolabes, which are widely used in navigations and developed algebra, trigonometry and other numeric related systems
Constructed large dams, waterwheels, and underground channels to tap ground water