Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
U2: C6- Outbreak of WW2 in Asia - Coggle Diagram
U2: C6- Outbreak of WW2 in Asia
Japan's Ambition in Asia and Europe
Russia
Japan wanted to sign a treaty
Japan accept Russian influence in Manchuria
Russia accept Japan influence in Korea
Russia declined, did not see need to negotiate with an inferior
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Japan won
Signed the Treaty of Portsmouth, Russia gave South Manchuria Railway, Liaodong Peninsula and Southern half of Sakhalin
China
1st Sino-Japanese War (1894)
Signed Treaty of Shimonoseki, China gave up both Korea and Taiwan
21 Demands
Japan delivered an ultimatum to China
Western powers were getting interested in China
Britain
Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)
Mutual recognition of interests in Asia
Renewed in 1905
Britain's right to defend India, Japan's right to defend Korea
Saw China as a common place of interest
USA
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Japanese and Korean Exclusion League (1905)
Paris Peace Conference
Prince Fumimaro Konoe proposed a racial equality clause
Rejected by Britain and Australia
Brought humiliation to Japan
Washington Naval Conference
Japan had to reduce more than the Allies- 5:3
Felt offended
Crisis In Japan
Economic Crisis
Inefficient traditional farming methods
Lack of arable land
Situation got worse during the Great Depression
Countries like Britain and USA were adoption protectionism
Overpopulation
45 mil (1900) to 64 mil (1930)
High demand for products, living space and houses
Rise of Militarism
PM Inukai was assassinated, causing the military to take over the government (May 1932)
Martial Law was declared, where society was placed under military law
Shaped the decisions of Japan moving forward
Weaknesses of LON
Mukden incident and invasion of Manchuria (19th September 1931 Manchuria)
Mukden Incident
Set up puppet government called Manchukuo
China too preoccupied with its civil war to prevent the invasion
Bomb exploded near Japanese owned railway, Japanese blamed the Chinese for this as an excuse to invade Manchuria
Reactions of LON
Japan left the LON
LON was unable to do anything
LON merely condemned the Japanese and refused to recognize Manchukuo ; did not impose any meaningful sanctions
Why invade Manchuria?
Economically and Strategically important to Japan
Good source of raw materials and resources
Wanted to use it as an entry point into China
Can defend interests in Korea (Share same borders)
Second Sino-Japanese War(1937)
Marco Polo Incident
An incident near Marco Polo bridge - Japanese on one side and Chinese on the other, heightened tensions
Japan found one of the soldiers missing, demanded to search the village for him
Led to full scale invasion of China
China appealed to LON to get involved but Western powers were unwilling to get involved
LON only gave aid to China when the Nanking Massacre became publicly known
Ended with China's victory
Japan's Expansionistic Policy
Japan had limited resources
Had to rely on trade with other countries
Little natural resources eg: oil
Took over nearby countries such as Manchuria as it was a source of minerals and wheat
Seeked equality and recognition amongst world powers
Build an Empire with its strong military
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Japan to dominate East Asia, remove Western influence
Use satellite states
Expand into Southeast Asia for rubber and oil
A plan to extend the Japanese Empire into Southeast Asia for economic gains and to further support Japan's expansionist efforts
Japan's response to world developments in the 1930s
American foreign policy changes
Cancelled 1911 commercial treaty with Japan, placing trade restrictions
Roosevelt used Japan's aggression to justify USA's military aid to China
Roosevelt placed trade embargo on Japan when Japan invaded Vietnam in 1940
War in Europe (1939)
European powers preoccupied by war in Europe
French and British defences in Asia Pacific were crippled
Gave an opportunity for Japan to invade these countries and take the place of the declining powers
Attack on Pearl Harbour (7 December 1941)
American Pacific Fleet was used as a deterrent to Japanese aggression
Japan had to attack Pearl Harbour so as to control the Asia Pacific region
Phillipines was under USA - Japan wanted to invade to take its resources
Led to USA declaring war on Japan
Japan had to either attack the USA or withdraw from China - Chose the former and hoped that this will convince the Americans to negotiate a peace settlement