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DISCOURSE ANALYSIS - Coggle Diagram
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
COHESION
It refers to the connection of words in a sentence or text, i.e. the tense in which it is spoken, whether it is present, future or past in the same sentence, and can also use common elements that are still spoken in two different sentences referring to the same thing.
For example
My best friend bought an iPhone, it didn't cost her much it was second-hand, but I think she now wanted a new iPhone.
Discourse analysis in linguistics focuses on the fact that we can interpret texts or images from their structure, we already know what even a sentence wants to tell us.
The wonderful thing about interpreting discourse is that it goes beyond grammatically correct structures because even if they are more written or use verbs that are similar but refer to another context, you can understand what is being referred to.
COHERENCE
Although coherence means that everything fits together well, it does not mean that the person who sends the message says it grammatically correct, but how the receiver perceives it, it may mention something key in the conversation, a person or an object, and the receiver interprets it coherently.
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS
A conversation consists of a dialogue between two or more people, they can be formal or informal dialogues, the important thing is that both people are answering each other successively.
A conversation analysis consists of knowing in a natural way when a person is going to start talking or when we are interrupted to know when to stop.
CO-OPERATIVE PRINCIPLE
This principle has 4 more elements, according to Paul Grice.
The Co-operative Principle refers to our receiver understanding what someone is saying, as well as knowing when to interrupt and speak so that the conversation is coherent.
The Quantity maxim refers to the fact that the issuer must say what it is entitled to say, but in a clear and informative manner, no more and no less.
The Quality maxim refers to the fact that the sender must be sure of what he says and be prepared not to say what doesn't know.
The Relation maxim refers to the fact that the sender must be very focused on what is saying, not going off topic.
The Manner maxim it refers to how the sender says his message, grammatically correct, well pronounced and brief.
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
This focuses on the fact that the person receiving the message relies on his or her prior knowledge to interpret what he or she hears. Not much explanation is necessary, with the previous knowledge the person interprets what is being talked about.
Example
She was worried about the TOEFL test.
Here we can interpret that we are talking about a girl and a test that we already know.
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