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5.1 Evolution Evidence - Coggle Diagram
5.1 Evolution Evidence
Comparative Anatomy
This is when different species share similar anatomical structures.
This points towards a common ancestor that underwent speciation, resulting in altered structures for different niches.
Example: pentadactyl limbs, a limb with five digits, is found in humans, but also in whales, birds, bats, frogs, lizards, etc.
Homologous structures
Fossil Records
Law for Fossil Succession
Fossils are dated by the strata they are found in.
Younger fossils are found closer to the surface, older fossils are in much deeper strata.
Strata = Rock Layer
The order they appear can clue us into which species evolved first
More prokaryotes appear before eukaryotes
More invertebrates appear before vertebrates
More ferns appear before flowering plants
Transitional Fossils
These are fossils that demonstrate an intermediary stage in the evolutionary pathway taken by a specific genus.
Selective Breeding
Selective breeding is the process in which a species is bred by humans to pass down a desired trait.
his causes successive generations to have a higher concentration of that trait.
This can cause variation in a species in a relatively short amount of time.
Examples
Dogs are selectively bred for hunting, racing, herding, and purchasing.
Horses are selectively bred for farm labor and racing.
Cows are selectively bred for milk production and muscle mass.
Speciation
This is when a species is separated geographically, and both groups adapt to their new environments.
This eventually leads to two different species being formed.
Galapagos finches adapted new beaks to gather food suited to their specific islands.
General Information
Evolution is the cumulative change of the allele frequency of a species’ population’s gene pool over generations.
Individuals do not evolve, populations of species evolve
Peppered moths evolved darker colorations to adapt to polluted environments
Pollution kills pale lichen on trees, exposing the darker, carbon coated tree bark
Peppered moths were originally white, and camouflaged well with the lichen covering, but overtime, this adaptation became a detriment to the species.