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comparison of the approaches - Coggle Diagram
comparison of the approaches
nature vs nurture
biological: nature - behaviour can be passed through genetics
psychodynamic: falls into neither side of the debate- parents raise a child affects personality (nurture) innate drives represented by the id (nature)
humanistic: neither nature or nurture- does not believe the debate to be valid
behaviourism and social learning theory: nature- environment that forms the behaviour
cognitive: accepts both sides of the debate- innate thought mechanisms (nature) although the approach recognises environmental factors as well (nurture)
free will and determinism
humanistic: free will- we chose our path in life
cognitve: both determinism and free will- process information from our environment is determined by schema. Element of free will as therapy requires individuals to change their thoughts
biological: strongly deterministic- believes are behaviours are generated from biological roots
psychodynamic: strongly deterministic - no control over the unconcious
behaviourism and social learning theory: deterministic -behaviour due to a stimulus response reaction and dictated by experience
holism and reductionism
humanistic: holistic- individual should be regarded as a whole
behaviourism: (experimental) reductionism- focus on its stimulus response experimental design, isolates certain areas of behaviour
cognitive: (experimental) reductionism- cognitive processes are isolated for testing
biological: (biological) reductionism - explains that any act is down to genetic causes
psychodynamic: hollistic- all parts of individuals behaviour should be taken into account
scientific methods
behaviourism: scientific- examine observable behaviour which is seen as scientific no interpretation involved
biological: scientific- biochemicals, brain activity scanning etc research methods used
cognitive: scientific- well controlled lab experiments which produces reliable data
social learning theory: less scientific than behaviourism as it is not directly observable
psychodynamic: not scientific- impossible to measure the unconscious mind, methods require interpretation
humanistic: not scientific- believe there is no point measuring individuals scientifically
idiographic and nomothetic
biological: nomothetic- humans share the same biological elements
cognitive: nomothetic- cognitive processing in groups of people with the comparison to a computer generalised to all humans
behaviourism: nomothetic- humans share the same processes for learning behaviour that can be generalised to all
psychodynamic: idographic- focuses on the unique childhood of individuals HOWEVER some elemet of nomothetic as it is generalised to all by specifying the innate drives
humanistic: idiographic - uniqueness of individuals to reach their full potential
extrapolation
Biological: extrapolation- animal researched widely as animals are seen as similar to humans
Behaviourism: extrapolation- principles developed through animal testing
social learning theory: no extrapolation - unlike behaviourism no animals used
cognitive: no extrapolation- animal studies not appropriate
psychodynamic: no extrapolation- animal research cannot be used for the unconscious
humanistic: no extrapolation- animal research is not used as the approach is focused on human development