borden wants to be reelected in 1917 and is going to do this with suffrage. Looks to the liberal conscription MPs again and passes thewartime elections act in September 1917 this adds voters (women who had father, son, or brother currently serving & nurses who are part of the Canadian army corps) and takes out voters (immigrants from enemy nations who became citizens after 1902 unless they had grandson, son, or brother serving atm and conscious objectors)

at same time campaign for this is happening. women need voting rights. US and Britain are dominated by equalist feminism in their movements, meaning that men and women are fundamentally equal and should have equal citizenship, rights, and responsibilities. whereas Canada's movement started later in the 1870s with concepts of maternal feminism for political advantage, the idea that women (mothers and caregivers) played a special role in society and politics, they could clean up the corruption of politics because they were more moral. doesn't challenge the status quo of gender norms. most Canadian suffragists were white anglo-protestant women most were educated

also used eugenics to get the vote - didn't challenge dominant gender norms and used existing nativism that was strong in the west - the belief/policy that the interests of native born or existing immigrants must be protected over those of newcomers or immigrants. played to the fears of declining protestantism. there was some strategy behind this - but most was actually believed at the time and thought that the immigrants would erode the protestant values and ruin the country

Provincial vs Federal - trying to get both at the same time. successful in the prairie pronvices first - nativism is strong here (double the west farm vote) men and women were more used to working together and being on the same level there were aggressive and charasmatic leaders like Nellie McClung. also had the support of magazines for mass advertisement and campaigns.

First Happens in MANITOBA. the liberals and the suffragists work together to accomplish this. 40,000 signatures are given to the govt in support. liberals win election in 1915 and on January 28 1916 most Manitoban women get the vote. followed by AB in April 1916 then SASK in may 1916 and BC and ONT in 1917 this pushes acceptance for federal suffrage

borden creates the union govt and win majority in 1917 conscription starts the following year. riots in quebec begin immediately - biggest are the easter riots in March in April 1917, both groups engage in violence (150 injured 4 killed) over 90% ask for exemptions so borden cancels exemptions in 1918. some regious groups have prearranged exemptions. those who don't look to have non-combat roles, many men went into hiding, those who outright refused went to jail but were released after the war or shortly after

Borden grants SUFFRAGE to ALL Canadian born or British born women over 21, except status Indians on May 1918 after federal suffrage all other provinces follow suit except for quebec not until 1940