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applications of AM processes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Nuts are used in mating a bolt to fasten multiple parts together. They go together by a combination of threads inside and friction which have elastic deformation. stretching of the bolt and compression of the parts help them be held together.
        
        Powder bed fusion an additive manufacturing where a heat
        source like laser, thermal print head is used to make a material in powder form to form three-dimensional (3D) objects. such as nuts and bolts. as this uses heat and metal needs heat to be created and deformed into different shapes PBF is perfect.
    - - As this photo shows a bone structure of a car i will mention how the different metal parts are made using PBF. a panel is the piece of shaped metal which forms the part of the body of the vehicle. this helps give the vehicle shape and helps manufactures work around to create the whole vehicle.
        
        Powder bed fusion methods use a laser or electron beam to melt and fuse material powder together. Electron beam melting uses a vacuum but can be used with metals and alloys in the creation of functional parts. that is how the different metal parts for a car can be made and is made.
  - - - this is a brake drum which surrounds brakes which are coated in materials that generate friction. When the brake pedal is pressed, these shoes are pushed outwards against the inner surface of the brake drum, generating friction and so slowing the car down.
        
        wire deposition uses lasers which can create arcs on a piece of metal. these have many arcs as they are circular and have many different details. wire deposition or additive wiring helps get what is needed to make and achieve this design and create.
    - - Steel bowls can be used as cooking vessels over a double boiler. While stainless steel may not be the best heat conductor among metals it conducts faster than glass. these are good conductors of heat and are better use for cooking and in the kitchen.
        
        wire deposition is used to make these type of bowls as shown in the picture. this shows twin wire deposition. it uses metal sharp tools and lasers to cut the bowl in the required shape and produce.
    - - gold is a precious metal has historically been used as a symbol of luxury, superiority and wealth. Besides jewellery, gold is used to increase the value of a huge range of decorative items, such as medals and badges. gold jewellery is significantly
        worn and made using wire deposition.
        
        as wire deposition is used to make metal parts it can also be used to make big jewellery types. this is used to cut metals as mentioned and make shapes in circular patterns.
- - - - Furniture is used to hold items at a specific height for work or use. this things such as tables and desks or chairs or even to store things like cupboards and shelves. Furniture can be a product of design and is considered a form of decorative art.
        
        this simplifies and lessens the cost of designing furniture. you can create lightweight furniture prototypes quickly and cheaply with 3D printing and allows designers to test their creations more and maximize the beneficial features in the finished product.
    - - Customised products are blank products that are designed or created by a customer. People use images, logos, text, clip art, effects and colours to create products. To sell customised products online it is important to have preview tool and automated print ready artwork.
        
        FDM purpose is to create detailed products and to locate and hold the workpiece in the position. That means that a big level of customising and low production volume is needed to create jigs and fixtures. It results in increased costs and longer production times. this helps create these types of customized products for customers who want to add details or pictures etc.
    - - A socket attaches to a turning tool to tighten or loosen fasteners like a nut or bolt. Sockets are sold in with a drive tool. Sockets are tools used to tighten mechanical fasteners. They fit over the head of the fastener to provide torque. tools are used to tighten bolts and saw wood etc.
        
        FDM is used to make tools as it is Ideal for building small quantities of parts while waiting for tooling, FDM makes it possible to get the products to markets faster and fabrication of manufacturing tools. FDM gives more to create manufacturing tools by 85%.
    - - a repair is used to fix a bad condition after decay or damage. its used to fix a motor or to restore things using any process. you can make it better or stronger using repairs. also if an item is broken or damaged as mentioned s repair can be done to restore it life cycle.
        
        Aerospace uses FDM as they have made plastic parts better for high systems. This is due to low-production and high-precise parts which need expensive tools for manufacturing. FDM can repair cracks, chips, and broken features in plastic parts.
    - - Using FDM to make your own projects means you can make and add small parts to them. it makes it easier to make details and difficult parts for your projects. this is a card holder which one made for themselves. it is aesthetic and coo which is safe for use and placing cards. it is a safe item made from FDM due to the details.
        
        FDM items reduce costs and shorten development time. Making items for testing purposes the prototypes allow them to be tested in real life. FDM helps the environment and makes decisions which will dramatically effect the cost to manufacture the product; Fabrication of end-use parts. FDM was used for this exact reason as this item if manufactured using forging etc will cost much more.
- - - - hearing aids
        
        hearing aids is a small device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes sounds louder so that a person with hearing loss can listen, communicate. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.
        
        This is done because its quicker more efficient and cheaper. makes a extremely accurate ear model meaning it will fit and work better, less material used to create each hearing aid.
    - - prosthetics
        
        When an arm or leg etc is amputated or lost, a prosthetic device, is used in the rehabilitation process. For many people, an artificial limb can improve mobility and the ability to manage daily activities and provides independence.
        
        Prosthetics are personal and expensive. they need to be created in different sizes and configurations. FDM produces non-isotropic parts due to poor interlaminar filament adhesion this means the parts have strong and weak orientation. FDM is the application of fibre reinforcement to the filament. Materials such as carbon fibre and Kevlar can be embedded in the plastic matrix to produce stiffer and stronger parts.
    - - dental
        
        dental implants are used to support one or more false teeth. It is a titanium screw that can replace the root of a tooth when it fails. Just like a tooth root, it is placed into the jawbone.
        
        3D-printing offers surgical drill guides, which are printed from a biocompatible material. These reduce the risk of hitting a nerve while drilling, enhancing safety for both the dentist and the patient.
    - - human tissue
        
        non-therapeutic applications use tissues as biosensors to detect biological or chemical threat agents, and tissue chips that can be used to test the toxicity of an experimental medication.
        
        FDM has the ability to build constructs quickly, with dimensional accuracy and excellent mechanical properties.
    - - replacement joints
        
        uses
        
        these are treatments when horrific joint pain or dysfunction is not cured with therapy. It is a form of arthroplasty, Often because of joint diseases, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
        
        FDM could improve a surgeon's efficiency in the operating room, shorten operative times, and reduce exposure to radiation. its well known for its customization, 3D printing technology presents new potential for treating complex joint pains etc.
- - - - A heat sink is a heat exchanger that transfers heat generated by an electronic device to a fluid medium. normally air or liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device allowing the device's temperature to be regulated.
        
        after many testing of different processes and materials it was said that It was demonstrated that LS can be used to design and fabricate heat sinks of different shapes for heat sink applications. this was because laser sintering would help efficiently cut out the specific details in the shape and also still let it carry out the job it does. helps with air flow.
    - - this a tool made by someone in their own home using LS, i am not extremely sure of what this tool is however with the flat bottom is looks as if it can be used in a chassis of some sort or car.
        
        FDM decreases the time it takes to create tools by up to 85%. It makes manufacturing tools such as jigs and fixtures, tooling masters and production tooling in hours—without expensive machining.
  - - - a wrench is made in many different shapes and sizes and are used for gripping, fastening, turning, tightening and loosening things like pipes, pipe fittings, nuts and bolts.
        
        FDM was used for this because without the expense and lead time of traditional tooling or machining FDM produces end-use parts hard enough to make a final product. this is good for building small quantities of parts while waiting for tooling, FDM Technology makes it possible to get the products to market faster.
    - - Sheet metal forming is a process in metalworking that is generally used for low-volume production applications. this forms engine cradles, suspension components, radiator and instrument panel support beams and engine components. this is an example.
        
        this is used as such as it is an alternative method alleviating challenges in repairs and helping companies move from tool design to production in as little as a week. In metal forming tests, FDM tools lasted hundreds of cycles showing little to no signs of wear.
    - - this pattern mould can be used for a specific item or a toy being made. it is shown as a curved part. the gold is the mould and the item standing up is what was made out of it.
        
        FDM is used to make moulds because FDM is typically used for printing plastic parts. It works by 3D printing a specific item as a mould instead of printing out the desired shape. this is helpful as the mould can quickly and easily be used to make different parts instead of continuously laser printing the same thing.
- - - - these are toys which can be given to kids o placed in a room as decoration. they are cute and fun to play with and kids would love. they don't have many uses apart from being a kids toy.
        
        as mentioned before these were 3d printed as it is cheaper and quicker to do.
    - - this is a toy spinner where one will simply place it down and twist and it will spin round and round until it stops. these are popular for many ages.
        
        i have used toys as these are rapidly produced as they will be sent to shops and brought again and again and many will need to be mass produced. using FDM these were made and can quickly be given out after being cheaply produced.
    - - this is a copper knuckle which i found can be rapidly produced using 3D printing as it is small. this weapon is meant to be used is as a hammer-fist blow. In this application, they are deadly effective. They are not meant to be used to add 'oomph' to a regular punch.
        
        FDM was used for this because without the expense and lead time of traditional tooling or machining FDM produces end-use parts hard enough to make a final product. this is good for building small quantities of parts while waiting for tooling, FDM Technology makes it possible to get the products to market faster.
  - - - A lamp shade protects the eye from the bulb's glare and to direct light from the bulb in the lamp into the room. A form of the lampshade on a floor lamp, for example, uses cloth or paper with a loose weave to block significant amounts of light in a direction.
        
        these aren't all made using LS however this is an example of a LS printed light shade. as LS uses plastics and metals it is a good idea. this lamp shade or light as shown is made in a cool design. these are rapidly made too as they are sold in every shop.
    - - sheet metal parts are solid models that can be represented in either sheet metal form or as a flat model. These parts are of uniform thickness and can be modified by adding features. Features include walls, cuts, rips, bends, unbends, bend backs, forms, notches, punches, and relief.
        
        these are made using LS as they are lasered into the shape needed and cut. as i mentioned before sheet metal parts are made as such these are full bodied metal pieces. metal pieces are starting to be 3D printed as more and more is used and 3D printing is easier and quicker to produce these parts.