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Listening Skills and Strategies Development : - Coggle Diagram
Listening Skills and Strategies Development
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Learners should practice both formal and informal discourse
Informal/ Everyday Language
Reduced forms
Extensive use of slang/ colloquial expressions
Informal expressions
Use of fillers
um, well, like...
Hey! no prob!
off the top of my head
wanna, gonna
Formal /Academic/ Professional Language
Formal expressions
More complex vocabulary
Polite expressions
Less opportunity to interact/ Receive clarification
Preparing Students to Listen
Schema Theory
Prior knowledge shapes our expectations and understanding of what we hear
Listening Strategies
Anticipate content/ Preview and Predict
Listen to confirm predictions
Listen for Gist
Listen for Specific Information
Listen for Details
Make Inferences
Use visual/ other clues
Find evidence to support claims
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Applying top-down processing
Overall meaning of what we hear
Making educated guesses
Drawing on prior knowledge
Stages for Listening in Classroom Practice
Listening Stage/ Purpose
Pre-listening Activate learners' schemata/ thinking and discussing what they will hear
Listening to Confirm Predictions/ Enable confirmation of predictions from pre-listening
Listening for Gist/ Determine the main ideas of the passage
Listening for specific Information
Listening for Details/ move from factual information to interpreting more deeply
Making Inferences/ Analyze, Interpret, and evaluate meaning more deeply
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These activities look to find out more detail than previous ones
Listen and answer questions about the passage/ Order information/ Fill in missing info on grid format/ Jigsaw tasks
Match predictions to what is heard
Pre-teach vocabulary/ Discussions/ Look at words to predict passage meaning/ Pictures to set the scene
Possible Tasks
How do we listen?
Purpose for listening: To seek specific information, to gain general idea of topic, to gain knowledge
Different levels of attention required for different listening tasks