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NATIONAL DIFFERENCES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Patents
      - Copyrights
      - Trademarks
  - - - Civil laws call for payment and monetary damages
      - Criminal liability laws result in fines or imprisonment
  - - - This law makes it illegal to bribe a foreign government official in order to obtain or maintain business
      - The act allows facilitating or expediting payments to secure the performance of a routine governmental action
      - All publicly traded companies must keep detailed records so that it is clear whether a violation of the act has occurred
  - - - In a civil law state, contracts are shorter and much less specific
        
        In a common law state, contracts are very detailed with all contingencies spelled out
        
        Contract law is the body of law that governs contract enforcement. They approach contract law differently
        
        A contract is a document that specifies the conditions under which an exchange is to occur and details the rights and obligations of the parties involved.
        
        The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) establishes a uniform set of rules governing certain aspects of the making and performance of everyday commercial contracts between sellers and buyers who have their places of business in different nations
        
        Countries that adopt CISG signal to other nations that they will treat the Convention’s rules as part of their law
  - - - A civil law system is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to these codes.
        
        Found in more than 80 countries, including Germany, France, Japan, and Russia
    - - A theocratic law system is one in which the law is based on religious teachings.
    - - A system of law based on tradition, precedent and custom. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to these characteristics.
      - Found in most of Great Britain’s former colonies, including the United States
- - - - Two central tenets
        
        An emphasis on the importance of guaranteeing individual freedom and self-expression
        
        The welfare of society is best served by letting
        people pursue their own economic self-interest
      - An emphasis on the importance of guaranteeing individual freedom and self-expression.
    - - Refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals
        
        The needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms
      - Socialism
        
        Communists believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship
        
        Social democrats committed themselves to achieving
        socialism by democratic means
  - - - Political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
      - Representative democracy: elected individuals to represent them in government.
    - - Form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life and opposing political parties are prohibited
      - Four major forms
        
        Theocratic totalitarianism
        
        Tribal totalitarianism
        
        Communist totalitarianism
        
        Right-wing totalitarianism