Economics and Business
Key Concepts
Scarcity
Making choices
Interdependence
Specialisation and Trade
Interdependence
Allocation and Markets
Economic Performance and Living Standards
The economic problem of having unlimited needs and wants, but limited resources available
Factors of production:
Land: natural resources such as coal or water
Labour: human resources such as workers
Capital: manufactured resources such as equipmemt
Entrepreneurship: management resources: the skills or talents required to bring the other resources together successfully
the choices we make about what we want and need, these decisions can be big or small.
Types of choices
Financial Choices: how much to spend or save
Business Decisions: what to produce or where to sell a product
Employment Decisions: what career path to follow
Legal decisions: such as whether or not to take legal action over a faulty product
where businesses or entire countries can focus on the production of a particular good or service in order to develop a more efficient and competitive production process
refers to the way we rely on other to satisfy our wants and needs.
Businesses or producers rely on being able to sell their goods and services to consumers so that they can continue producing
Consumers we must pay for goods and services to meet our needs
Economies
The way we rely on others to satisfy our needs and wants
using wide variety of methods to measure our economy so we understand how people are living
The way we distribute our scarce resources among producers. The way we then distribute scarce goods or services among customers
Scams
Types of scams
are traps to dishonestly take a persons money
Charity Scams
Psychic and Clairvoyant Scams
Romance Scams
Phishing
Phone Scams
Card Skimming
stealing information from the magnetic strip of an ATM or credit card so that a clone of your card can be produced and used legally
the scammer takes advantage of someone looking for romance
Victim may be told that they will be in some sort of trouble in future. They have to pay for something like a lucky charm, or be threatened by a curse if they don't pay fee to the scammer.
scammer poses as a genuine charity and takes advantage of givers generosity
call from scammers that ask you for money, saying that there is something wrong with your accounts and asks for your details
stimulating a real business in order to gain access to details
Texts- to make you click on dodgy links
emails that pretend to be sent on behalf on your bank asking for account details
Subsistence Economies
Producers are self sufficient aiming to produce enough to survive
Usually no need for money
Market Capitalist Economies
Producers exchange goods and services for money
Means of production is owned privatley
Planned Capitalist Economy
Means of production are owned privately
Government decides all three economic decisions
Economic Questions
What to produce
How do we produce it
Who do we produce it for
Market Socialist Economy
Similar to Capitalist Market Economy
Means of production is owned by the government on behalf of the people
Planned Socialist Economy
Means of production are owned by the government on behalf of the people
Government decides all three economic questions
Globalisation
Individuals- trade their labour to receive an income
Business- trade goods and services to receive expenditure
Consumers- spend money to purchase goods and services
Producers- provide consumers goods and services they need
Government
a group of authority who set rules that ensure economy acts fairly
Responsible for taxes in order to provide services for consumers and producers
Financial Institution
Provides services to assist producers and consumers to trade, save and borrow
Trade
Import- to purchase something produced overseas
Export- to produce something in the country and sell it overseas
International Labour market
Technology
Migration
Australian people can hire people from overseas vice versa
used to communicate rapidly with the entire world
people coming from overseas to Australia for a better quality of life
Increases capacity for business to grow
Supply chains
links between activities required to connect product/service to a consumer
Supply
Manufacturing
Marketing and advertising
Distribution
Retail
consumer
Outsourcing- when a company uses resources outside of their business in order to lower costs
World of work
Competitive advantage
Price: finding ways to lower the cost of the product or service
Marketing: finding new ways to bring attention to the product/service
Corporate Social Responsibility: businesses ethical duty to contribute positively to society
Quality: improving the characteristics of the product
The future
Automated, Globalised, Collaborative
Enterprise skills: transferable skills that enable young people to engage with a complex world
Technical skills: skills/qualifications specific to a task or industry
Opportunity: easier to start a business, hold multiple jobs, work in specialised areas
Risks: jobs may be less substantial, less stable, and bigger income gaps the skilled and unskilled
Innovation
Changing an existing process or product to become more effective
Output: what is made
Process: how its made
Marking techiniqes
Positioning: creates a distinct image for the product that differentiates it from other similar products on the market
Segmentation: dividing the market into groups of consumers who have common needs and characteristics
Saving and Inversting
Investing: putting money into a commercial venture with the expectations of making profits
Risk profile- how much each of us are willing to take when making an investment
Types of investments
Interest
Property
Equities (stocks)
Superannuation
is a unit of ownership in a company
where money is invested for a fixed term at a fixed rate of interest
Possession if things where purchasing is for the aim of increasing the value
method of saving retirement
Saving-putting money aside for a future date
Types of Interests
Simple interest: interest based on just the principal amount= principal(1+rate+time)
Compound Interest: interest added to the principal, which is then used to calculate interest.
Interest rate: the % offered in return for the investment
Debt
Good Debt: money is borrowed and is used to purchase something that will provide income or increase in value
Bad Debt: used to purchase something that will decrease in value over time and/or will not earn income
Pyramid Scheme
a hierarchal business where each paying participants get other people who funds are used to pay earlier participants