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Skeletal-Dayani Solano Per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal-Dayani Solano Per.2
Types of bones
Irregular bone
has a shape that does not conform to the above three types
the spine/vertebrae
Flat bone
has a flattened, broad surface.
ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones
Short bone
has a squat, cubed shape
wrists and the ankles
Long bone
has a long, thin shape
bones of the arms and legs
Bone remodeling
reversal
when mononuclear cells appear on the bone surface
formation
when osteoblasts lay down new bone until the resorbed bone is completely replaced
resorption
when osteoclasts digest old bone
Bone fracture repair
fibrocartilaginous callus formation
exteral callus
internal callus, fibrous tissue and cartilage
spongy bone trabeculae
new blood vessels
bony callus formation
bony callus of spongy bone
hematoma formation
hematoma
bone remodeling
healed fracture
Joints
Amphiarthroses
cartilaginous joints
the vertebrae of the spine
slightly movable
Diarthroses
knee and shoulder
freely movable
synovial joints
Synarthroses
immovable
fixed or fibrous joints
between the plates of the skull are known as sutures
Differences between male and female skeleton
male
pelvis smaller than females
bigger and thicker bones
female
pelvis usually more wider
smaller bones
Names of all the bones
Arms
scapula
humerus, radius and ulna
clavicle
Hands
metacarpals and phalanges
carpals
Chest
sternum
ribs and breastbone
Pelvis
hip bones
Spine
cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone
coccyx
Legs
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
Feet
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
Skull
includes jaw
Anatomy of the long bone
diaphysis
medullary cavity
nutrient foremen
endosteum
periosteum
epiphysis
epiphyseal line
spongy bone
articular cartilage
Disorders
Paget's disease
fragile and misshapen
Osteoarthritis
wearing down protective tissue
Scoliosis
curvature on the spine
Rheumatoid arthritis
inflamed joint lining
Fracture
a bone when broken
Gout
severe pain
Osteoporosis
Low calcium intake
Bursitis
fluid-filled pads that act as cushions at the joints.
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
adduction
moving a body part toward the midline
extension
straightening parts at a joint, so that the angle between them increases
abduction
moving a body part away from the midline
flexion
bending parts at a joint, so that the angle between them decreases
Hyperextension
straightening beyond normal anatomical position
Lateral flexion
bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side