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4: The 18th century: the Enlightenment, image, image, image, image -…
4: The 18th century: the Enlightenment
main principles of Enlightenment
Enlightenment
was an important intellectual movement
a new way of thinking that emerged in Europe during
the 18th century
The main principles
the 18th century
People must learn as much as possible
share their knowledge in order to
educate
enlighten' society
reason
is the only real source of knowledge
rather than
irrational beliefs
dogma
equality and liberty
are crucial
Many Enlightened thinkers believed that a better society would only be possible
if all men were
free
equal before the law
science and technological progress
would lead to
economic growth
improve people's wellbeing
18th century
was a time of transition between
the Early Modern Age
the Modern Age in Europe
important changes took place which
contributed to the collapse of the Ancien Régime
thereby marking the end of the Early Modern Age
The enlightenment in Spain
Spanish Enlightenment
thinkers spread their ideas in various ways
Enlightenment ideas also encountered
resistance from most of
nobility
church
many people who defended their traditional way of life
Enlightenment ideas
were spread by a group
politicians that included
Jovellanos
the Conde de Floridablanca
thinkers
The political ideas of the enlightenment
Voltaire
favoured a strong monarchy
he also thought its power should be limited by parliament
Rousseau
introduced the idea of popular sovereignty
He argued that power resided with the people rather than the crown
that politics should be based on agreement between
citizens
their government
Montesquieu
argued for the separation of powers
This meant that the three branches of government
executive
judicial branches
legislative
Economic liberalism
is that the state should not intervene in the processes of
production
exchange of goods
economic liberals argued for
freedom of production
for business owners
This would mean they could produce as much as
the market demanded
free trade
which would mean the exchange of goods between
restrictions
countries without
free competition
which would force the business owner
to improve the quality of his or her products
reduce prices in order to sell
The economic ideas of the enlightement
agriculture
is a country's main source of wealth
because it provides
raw materials for craftsmanship
products needed for food
craftsmanship and trade
are secondary activities
is the belief that the wealth of
a nation derives from its natural resources
the state
absolute monarchs
should not intervene in the economy
