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PERCEPTION, AWARENESS & ATTENTION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - altering reflection of sound waves into middle ear from outer ear
      - help us locate source of sound
      - structure of flesh and cartilage at each side of head
  - - - vibrates at same rate when struck by sound waves
      - connects to tiny bones that transform waves into stronger waves to oval window
        
        malleus
        
        incus
        
        stapes
    - - membrane in inner ear
      - transmits waves through fluid in inner ear
  - - - 3 fluid tunnels
        
        scala vestibuli
        
        scala media
        
        scala tympani
  - - - high frequency sounds
    - - low frequency sounds
  - - - detection of motion of sound
- - - - touch
      - pain
  - - - system detects position and movement of head
      - directs compensatory movements of eye and helps maintain balance
    - - ear
      - cochlea
      - consist of 2 otolith organs (saccule & utiricle) & 3 semicircular canals
- - - - receptor detects sudden displacement/high-frequency vibration on skin
    - - capsaicin
      - menthol
    - - receptor respond to light touch (gentle stroking of skin)
  - - - capsaicin
        
        chemical found in hot pepper that stimulates the receptors
    - - somatosensory cortex
        
        respond to painful stimuli, memories of pain & signals that warn of impending pain
    - - chemicals that attach to same brain receptors as morphine
    - - spinal cord area that receive messages from pain receptors also receive input from touch receptors and axons that are descending from brain
    - - decreases pain perception by decreasing brain's emotional response to pain
    - - resembles physical pain
  - - - opiates increase itch, antihistamines decrease itch
    - - labeled-line principle
        
        receptor responds to limited range of stimuli, sends directly to brain
      - across-fiber pattern
        
        each receptor responds to wider range of stimuli
- - - - structures on surface of tongue, contains taste buds
    - - reduced perception of stimuli bc fatigue of receptors
    - - reduce response to one stimuli after exposure to another
    - - responds to touch aspect of taste
    - - primary taste cortex
  - - - sense of smell
      - detect and recognise chemicals that contact membranes inside nose
    - - neurons responsible for smell
    - - olfactory bulb sends axon to cerebral cortex