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Ecology of the Family - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Family
:construction: Family Transitions Structural/Functional Changes
:broken_heart: Divorce
Laws: prior to 1970 not accepted unless marital misconduct was found, currently "no-fault" makes it easier
Consequences: child responsibilities increase, less time for love and security, decreased parenting.
Dynamics: needs to be maintained socialization/education, social assignments within the family, economic support/ domestic responsibilities, nurturance/emotional support
SES: less consumption, social support, main source of stress
Authority Distribution: residential parent has more influence, the other is restricted
Children are affected: loss, divided loyalties, & helplessness
Age :birthday:
:girl: :boy: Gender
:cry: Emotional Support
:ring:Marriage Role Model?
Custody Arrangements
Single-Parent Custody: one parent is sole provider and nurturer for the children, mostly mothers
Joint Custody: an agreement of children's divided time.
Binuclear Family
Kin Custody: Children living with an extended relative.
Stepfamilies or blended families: legal, psychological issues
Adopted Children: unable to conceive, care for disabled child, permanent placement for foster child
Duel-Earner Families: Cost of living increase requires both parents to work helps keep children out of poverty.
Diverse Parents
Unmarried or unconventional: love & support, but not community support, higher incidence of poverty, poor academics, emotional or behavioral problems, & substance abuse.
:crossed_flags: Interethnic (Racial) and Interfaith (Religious) Families:A need to communicate how to raise the children, teens gravitate to form their own identity.
:female_sign: :female_sign: Same sex couples: similar issue as those of divorce.
Macrosystem Influences:
SES
, ascribed or born into money or achieved which accumulated wealth
Social Classes
Upper Class: carrier of the family name status, heritage, is able to bear any financial burden & hire help.
Middle Class: business executives & professionals, earned status through education & work
Lower Class: Semiskilled workers & unskilled experience debt, job loss, state help. Rely on children to help rather than education.
Under Class: mentally ill, drug addicted,alcoholics, destitute elderly, low or no education
Family Stress Model (FSM) analyzes the stress-inducing properties of low SES
Extended Investment Model: (EIM): assumes upper class families have an economic advantage over the lower class, increase social support to programs
Macro Influences:
Ethnic Orientation
Gemeinschaft
: Communal, cooperative close intimate, and informal interpersonal relationships( corresponds with low context
Gesellschaft
: associative, practical objective, and formal interpersonal relationships
Cultural Orientation and Socialization: norms, rules patterns or standards that express cultural values and reflect how individuals are supposed to behave
How do humans relate to each other?
What is the significant time dimension?
What is the valued personality type?
What is the relationship of humans to nature?
What are the innate predispositions of humans?
Macro Influences:
Religion
Gender roles, sexual behavior, marriage, divorce, birthrates, morals, attitudes, and child rearing
Protestant ethics: belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, efficiency, personal responsibility, and productivity
Provide: Define Ideology Coping Mechanisms Concept of Death Establishment of Identity
Chronosystem Influence
:classical_building: Politics
Immigration: demand of parental culture and language barrier
Foreign Policies: terrorist attacks, ethnic ostracizing,
Domestic: Welfare Reform Act to aid families and provisions to decrease childhood poverty
:moneybag:Economic
Company buyouts, downsizing, and layoffs, the cost of living and erosion of employee benefits.
Duel income families
:computer: Technology
Improved science, medicine, industry, agriculture, transportation, communication, media, electronics, better health job opportunities, and education
Disadvantage includes distraction, confusion, stress, busyness, and multitasking.
Change: Family Adjustments
Physical Stress: disease overexertion, allergies, and abuse
Sociocultural Stress: crowding, traffic, noise, bureaucracies, crime
Psychological Stress: personal reaction to real or imagined threats or pressure to achieve.
Primary Agent of Socialization in the Microsystem
:atom_symbol:Nuclear Family
Orientation, the family in which you were born
Extended Family
Patriarchal: Father dominate authority
Egalitarian: Both mother/father extended has authority
Matriarchal: Mother authority
Procreation, developing of a family when a couple have children.
:recycle:Family Function
:children_crossing:
Reproduction
: Maintains populating society
Changes: Technology delays reproduction and fewer children.
:books:
Education & Socialization:
Beliefs, values, and traditions past on to the youth
Changes: Socialization was done in the home, whereas, the 19th century has transitioned to public socialization
:check:
Social Assignments:
offspring identity assignment, i.e. race, religion, gender roles
Changes: Jobs in the family & authority. Mother/Fathers roles have merged or changed, children have become more consumption rather production
:moneybag:
Economic Support
: shelter, nourishment, & shelter
Changes: Industrial age introduced more urban living and expensive to raise children requiring a double income.
:baby_bottle:
Nurturing/Emotional Support:
family is first socialization experience.
Changes: Family was responsible for caring for sick, but there are facilities that do that responsibility.