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3: Philosophy, science and art in the ancien regime, image, image, image -…
3: Philosophy, science and art in the ancien regime
Dates
advocates of empiricism
Locke
1632–1704
Hume
1711–1776
maintained that knowledge could only come from
sensory experience
from observation
17-18th centuries
the basis of the scientific method
Rationalism
empiricism
led to significant scientific developments
1596-1650
The French philosopher Descartes
founded modern rationalism
According to rationalism
human reason is the only valid source of knowledge
important advances
Physics
in 1643
Evangelista Torricelli
barometer
1666
Isaac Newton
formulate the law of universal gravitation
Medicine and biology
in 1674
Anton Leeuwenhoek
perfected the microscope
Astronomy
in 1609
Galileo Galilei
heliocentric theory
Sun is at the centre of the Solar System
Mathematics
in 1642
Blaise Pascal
the first mechanical calculator
capable of adding and subtracting
Baroque art
key characteristics
Sculpture
very expressive faces
dynamic poses
Painting
large
colourful
themes
royal portraits
featured historical
mythological
Architecture
buildings
curved façades
oval floor plans
Protestant countries
Protestants
not decorate their churches with
sculptures
paintings
Smaller paintings
were common in wealthy bourgeois homes
was popular in Europe
during the 17th and early 18th centuries
is characterised by
abundant decorative elements such as
medallions
garlands
natural forms
In Spain
Paintings
depicted the same subjects as
in other Catholic countries
important Spanish Baroque painters
Diego Velázquez
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
architecture
particular highlight
the ornate style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor
Sculpture
important part of the Holy-Week processions
works include
Christ lying by Gregorio Fernández
Christ of mercy by Martínez Montañés
