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PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND ART IN THE ANCIEN RÉGIME - Coggle Diagram

- - - - founded modern rationalism
      - acording to rationalism, human reason is the only valid source of knowledge
      - a French philosopher
  - - - maintained that knowledge could only come from sensory experience and from observation
  - - - advocates of empiricism
  - - - in 1643
        
        invented the barometer to measure atmospheric pressure
      - in 1666
        
        used the scientific method to formulate the law of universal gravitation
    - - in 1674
        
        Anton Leeuwenhoek perfected the microscope
        
        He used it to observe red blood cells and microorganisms for the first time
    - - in 1609
      - Galileo Galilei used the telescope to prove the
        
        the heliocentric theory that the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System
    - - in 1642
        
        Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical calculator capable of adding and subtracting
- - - - their religious doctrine
      - political power
    - - Sculpture
        
        human figures were sculpted in dynamic poses
        
        very expressive faces
      - Painting
        
        Baroque paintings were usually large and colourful
        
        were often royal portraits or featured historical or mythological themes
        
        In churches the paintings usually depicted
        
        the Virgin Mary or the saints
        
        angels
        
        Christ
      - Architecture
        
        buildings often had oval floor plans and curved façade
        
        created a more dynamic appearance
  - - - natural forms
      - abundant decorative elements
  - - - due to its outstanding works in art and literature
    - - Sculpture
        
        became an important part of the Holy-Week processions
      - usually depicted the same subjects as in other Catholic countries
      - architecture
        
        the ornate style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor is a particular highlight