QA

Cation test

Sodium Hydroxide

Ammonia

White

Blue

Green :

Reddish brown

Fe 2+

Soluble in excess

Insoluble in excess

Cu 2+

Fe 3+

Zn2+

Pb 2+

Ca 2+

No rxn

White

Blue

Green

Reddish Brown

Cu 2+

Ca 2+

NH4+

Soluble in Excess

Insoluble in Excess

Zn 2+

Pb 2+

Fe 2+

Fe 3+

Test for gases

Carbon Dioxide

Sulphur dioxide

Oxygen

Chlorine gas

Hydrogen

Ammonia

Test: Insert a lighted splint at the mouth of the test tube

Result: The lighted split extinguishes with a "pop" sound

Insert a glowing splint into the mouth of the test tube

Result: The glowing splint rekindles

Bubble the gas into limewater

A white precipitate is formed

Insert a piece of Fliter paper dipped in acidified Potassium manganate[VII]

The purple acidified potassium Manganate [VII turns colourless

Insert a piece of damp blue litmus paper at the mouth of the testube

The damp blue litmus paper turns red before becoming bleached

Insert a piece of moist red litmus paper at the mouth of the Test tube

The Moist red litmus paper turns blue

Anion test

Nitarte Ion

Sulfate Ion

Chloride Ion

Carbonate Ion

Add Dilute Nitric acid and Sliver nitrate to form sliver chloride which is a precipitate and shows the prescnece of the chloride ion

Add sodium hydroxide and aluminium foil while warming the mixture, Ammonia gas is given off which turns moist red litmus paper blue

Add Dilute Nitric acid and aqueous Barium nitrate and the precipitate barium sulfate is formed showing the prescence of sulfate ions

Add dilute hydrochloric acid and pass the gas given off into limewater and a white precipitate is formed to prove the prescence of Carbonate ions