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Systems, References:, Hans Richard Alejandro Martínez Martínez 100061054 …
Systems
Cardiovascular
made up of the heart and blood vessels
a network of veins, arteries and capillaries
deliver oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body
through the blood thanks to the pumping of the heart
transporting carbon dioxide
it is discharged from the whole body to the heart and lungs
to finally eliminate carbon dioxide through respiration
heart
is the muscle pump that provides energy to move blood through blood vessels
blood vessels
are the arteries, veins and capillaries (small blood vessels) that make up the system of elastic tubes in our body through which blood circulates
blood
is the content or liquid tissue that circulates through the vessels
The main components of the blood are oxygen and nutrients, which are transported to the tissues, in addition to the waste that the body no longer needs and which is also transported through the vascular system
more common diseases
ischemic heart disease
caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, that is, those responsible for providing blood to the heart muscle (myocardium). Coronary atherosclerosis is a slow process of collagen formation and accumulation of lipids (fats) and inflammatory cells (lymphocytes)
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
The coronary arteries can narrow for different reasons. The most common are a blood clot and atherosclerosis (deposit and infiltration of fat in the walls of the arteries) that occurs progressively facilitated by risk factors
heart failure
occurs when there is an imbalance between the heart's ability to pump blood and the body's needs
sudden death
sudden and unexpected onset of cardiac arrest in a person who is apparently healthy and in good condition.Its main cause is a cardiac arrhythmia called ventricular fibrillation, which causes the heart to lose its ability to contract in an organized way, so it stops beating
arrhythmia
heart rhythm disturbance
coarctation of aorta
It is a narrowing of the aorta artery that causes an obstruction of its flow, Coarctation is sometimes associated with other cardiac malformations (especially ventricular septal defect and bicuspid aortic valve).
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
occlusion or plugging of a part of the pulmonary arterial territory (blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs to oxygenate it) due to an embolus or thrombus originating from another part of the body
Respiratory
is in charge of
provides the necessary oxygen
remove carbon dioxide
warm the air that is inspired
filter and clean the oxygen
The most common diseases
Asthma
It is a chronic disease caused by constant inflammation in the respiratory tract, caused by allergies, infections or pollution.
COPD
Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstruction of air flow to the lungs.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Is an interstitial lung disease, in which there is inflammation and scarring around the alveoli in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
The most common is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Pneumonia
It is an acute infection of the
lung parenchyma caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungus.
Bronchitis
It occurs when the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs become inflamed.
Pulmonary edema
It is caused by excess fluid in the lungs, this fluid accumulates in the air pockets of the lungs causing difficulty breathing.
Lung cancer
It is a cancer that forms in the tissues of the lung, generally in the cells that line the air passages.
There are two main types, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, each grows and is treated differently.
Pulmonary emphysema
It is a pulmonary condition that causes difficulty in breathing due to the anatomical alteration it presents: over-dilatation of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchus, thinning, distension and destruction of the alveolar wall.
The respiratory system is made up of
Musculoskeletal
The most
common diseases
Ligament sprain
Overstretch injury or tearing of the ligaments from a sudden twist or blow, commonly to the knees and wrists
Rotator cuff tendonitis
Given by strong and fast movements such as tennis and baseball, it tears the tendons of the shoulder joint generating pain and reduced mobility
They originate from
Intense efforts
Awkward postures
Repetition of tasks
Poor health habits
Nutrition
Lack of exercise
Little rest time
Ruptured/Herniated Disc
Problem-related to vertebral discs is associated with the natural aging of the spine, also to overload of the spine, and smoking
Tendonitis
Repeated tension in the tendon, which becomes inflamed producing pain and difficulty performing movement
Carpal tunnel syndrome
People who constantly perform repeated flexion of the wrist, where the ligament over the carpal bones becomes inflamed and thickens trapping and compressing the nerve
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints that generates pain and stiffness, due to wear, infections, and other diseases
Myasthenia gravis
An autoimmune disease where antibodies are produced that alter the nerves that stimulate muscle contraction, the most affected are those of the neck and face
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density where bones can fracture easily, given by hormonal and age factors
Radial tunnel syndrome
It is given by compression of the radial nerve causes pain and weakness in the arm caused by an injury or abnormal growth of the tissue
The system
is made up of
Body system
whose functions are
Shape
Stability
Movement
for the body
Support
Bones
Muscles
Articulations
Neurological
Cerebral infarction or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
-Injury to the brain caused by interruption of the blood supply.
Multiple sclerosis
-A disease in which the immune system breaks down the protective covering of the nerves. nerve damage disrupts communication between the brain and the body.
Parkinson's disease
-Central nervous system disorder that affects movement and often causes tremors. Damage to nerve cells in the brain causes a drop in dopamine levels.
Dystonia
-Involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements.
Complex regional pain syndrome
-chronic pain condition. It causes severe pain, usually in the arms, hands, legs, and feet. It can occur after injury to a nerve or tissue in an affected area.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
-nerve cells break down, reducing functionality in the muscles with which they connect. The main symptom is muscle weakness.
Muscular dystrophy
-muscle degenerations caused by abnormal genes (mutations) that cause weakness and progressive loss of muscle mass.
Neuropathy
-Weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet, caused by neurological damage.
Head trauma
-Sudden head and brain movement can cause the brain to bounce or twist in the skull, injuring brain cells, breaking blood vessels, and creating chemical changes.
Progressive supranuclear palsy
-A rare brain disorder that causes severe problems with walking, balance, eye movements, and later swallowing.
Bell's palsy
-Sudden weakness in the muscles on one side of the face. it can be caused by a reaction to a viral infection.
Spastic hereditary paraparesis
-group of neurodegenerative disorders with phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, clinically characterized by spasticity and progressive weakness of the lower limbs.
Myositis
-inflammation of the muscles used to move the body. It can be caused by injury, infection, or an autoimmune disease.
Spinal cord trauma
-It can come from a sudden blow to the spine that fractures, dislocates, crushes, or compresses one or more vertebrae. the result of a wound that penetrates and cuts the spinal cord.
Cerebral palsy -Abnormal brain development, usually before birth. some of the symptoms are exaggerated reflexes, limb laziness or stiffness, and involuntary movements.
References:
Rodríguez, J. (2018). Fisioterapia neurológica. lafisioterapia.net. Obtenido de:
https://lafisioterapia.net/fisioterapia-neurologica/
Seco Calvo, J. (2017). Sistema cardiovascular: métodos, fisioterapia clínica y afecciones para fisioterapeutas (1 ed.). (P. M. Ma Encarnación Aguilar Ferrándiz, Ed.) España: medica panamericaana . Obtenido de
https://www-medicapanamericana-com.ibero.basesdedatosezproxy.com/VisorEbookV2/Ebook/9788491102724?token=66dc5a3a-2948-4472-bc9b-951354130728#{%22Pagina%22:%22IV%22,%22Vista%22:%22Miniaturas%22,%22Busqueda%22:%22%22}
Xaubet, A., Ancochea, J., & Molina-Molina, M. (2017). Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Medicina Clínica, 148(4), 170-175.
Borrell, L. S., & Segura, C. (2016). Neumonía y neumonía recurrente. Pediatrá integral, 20(1), 38-42.
Moroto Montero, J. M., & Zarzosa, C. D. (2011). REHABILITACIÓN CARDIOVASCULAR. MEDICA PANAMERICANA. Obtenido de
https://www-medicapanamericana-com.ibero.basesdedatosezproxy.com/VisorEbookV2/Ebook/9788498355031?token=890d17bb-030b-4868-9775-73252623de8a#{%22Pagina%22:%221%22,%22Vista%22:%22Indice%22,%22Busqueda%22:%22%22}
Sánchez, T., & Concha, I. (2018). Estructura y funciones del sistema respiratorio. Neumologia pediatrica, 13(3), 101-106.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Musculoesquelético | Des Moines University. (2021). Retrieved 6 October 2021, from
https://www.dmu.edu/terminologia-medica/el-sistema-musculoesqueletico/enfermedades-del-sistema-musculoesqueletico/
Fundora Hernández, H., Venero Fernández, S. J., Rodríguez Bertheau, A. M., Alerm González, A., León Toirac, E., & Cubas Dueñas, I. (2011). Inmunoepidemiología del asma bronquial. Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología, 49(3), 459-469.
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Hans Richard Alejandro Martínez Martínez 100061054
Karen Lorena Mora Pérez 100060492
María Camila Ovalle Vega 100060514
Brayan Camilo Munar Vivas 100065585
