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Skeletal System- Elyza Vivar Per.5 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System- Elyza Vivar Per.5
Bone fracture repair
1st blood from blood vessels spread throughout bone and form a blood clot
2nd osteoblasts begin to rebuild the bone, granulation tissue begins to develop
3rd Fibrocartilage fills the gap
Bone names
Skull
Frontal, Parietal, Nasal bone, Temporal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, mandible
Torso
Cervical Vertebrae, sternum, Thoracic vertebrae, True ribs, False ribs, Lumbar vertebrae
Upper limb
Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Hip
Coxal bones(2), Sacrum, Coccyx
Lower limbs
Femur, Patella, Fibula, Tibia, Talus, Calcaneus, Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Disorders
Green stick
Incomplete fracture occurs on bend of bone
Fissured
Incomplete longitudinal break
Comminuted
Complete fracture and fragments
Oblique
Occurs on an angle
Transverse
Complete occurs at a right angle
Spiral
Caused by excessive twisting of a bone
Type of bones
Long
Long w/ expanded ends ex. arms and legs
Short
almost equal in length and width ex. wrist and ankle bones
Sesamoid
Small nodular shaped bone ex. patella
Flat
Plate-like with broad surface ex. ribs
Irregular
Varried shap ex.vertebrae
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Flexion: bending parts at a joint
Extention: straightening parts at joint
Lateral flexion: bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side
Hyperextesion: straightening beyond normal
Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline
Adduction: moving a body part toward the midline
Dorisflection: Ankle movenment that brings foot closer to shin
Planter flexion: ankle movement that brings the foot farther from shin
Rotation: movement of part around axis
Circumduction: movement of a part so the end follows a circular path
Pronation: movement of forearm so palm faces down
Supination: rotation of forearm so palm faces up
Inversion: turning sole of foot medially
Eversion: turning the sole laterally
Protaction: moving a part of the body forward
Retraction: moving a part of the body backward
Elevation: raising a part of the body
Depression: lowering a part of the body
Bone remodeling
Intramembranous bones
originate with in sheet-like layers of connective tissue
Endrochondral bones
form from hyaline cartilage model from connective tissue is called ossification
Bone marrow
Fills medullary cavity which produce blood cells
Osteoblasts
Break down down the calcified matrix
Osteoclasts
After the calcified matrix is broken down, the osteoblasts then deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage
Differences between male and female skeleton
Pelvic Regions
Coccyx:
Male: Less movable
Female: More movable
Sacrum:
Male: Sacrum is narrow and longer
Female: Sacrum is wider
Pelvic Cavity:
Male: Pelvic cavity is deeper and less room
Female: Pelvic cavity is wider in all diameters and shorter more space and less funnel-shaped
Pelvic Girdle
Male: Oburater is oval, pubic arch is v-shaped acetabula, is larger
Female:Hip bones are thinner, lighter and less evidence of muscular attachments. The pubic arch is wider acetabula is smaller, and obturater is triangular
Anatomy of the long bone
Proximal Epiphysis
Expanded end closer to the attachment of the torso
Articular cartilage
Covers the epipyses
Spongy bone
made of branching bony plates= trabecule
contains red marrow
Epiphyseal lines
growth plate= when bones stop growing
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone
Endosteum
layers of cells that lines the medullary cavity
Compact bone
bony matrix is solid filled with organic ground substance
Yellow marrow
fat and bone
Periosteum
Tough layer of dense connective tissue that covers the bone
Medullary Cavity
Filled with connective tissue called bone marrow
Distal Epiphysis
Expanded end closer to tarsals
Joints
Hinge-convex surface of bone fits into concave surface of anterioir bone ex.elbow and joints
Pivot-cylindrical surface rotated w/in a ring in bone ex.joint between axis and atlas
Plane-flat surfaces sliding or twisting ex. joints of wrist or ankle
Saddle-Found between bones with concave and convex areas ex.joint between the carpal and metacarpal
Condylar-consists of condyle fitting into elliptical cavity ex. between metacarpals and phalanges
Ball-and socket-consist of none with globular head and cup shaped cavity ex. hip