Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skeletal Jackie Hernandez P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Jackie Hernandez P.5
Types of Bones
Short
Almost equal in length an width
Ex.) Wrists + ankles
Flat
Plate-like shape with broad surface
Ex.) Ribs, scapula + flattened skull bones
Long
Long with expanded ends
Ex.) arms + legs
Sesamoid
small, nodular bones that develop with in a tendon
Ex.) patella
irregular
Varied Shape
Ex.) Vertebrae + some facial bones
Anatomy of the Long Bone
Bone marrow
Red: Functions in formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets
Yellow: Stores fat and occupies most cavities of bone in adults
Structure
Expanded ends that form joints with adjacent bones= epiphyses
Articular Cartilage covers the epiphyses
Diaphysis= shaft of bone
Periosteum= tough layer of dense skin
Medullary cavity= hollow chmaber in the diaphysis
Endosteum= thin layer of cells layering the medullary cavity
Names Of Bones
Radius
Ulna
Coxal bone (hip)
Femur
Vertebral Column
Patella (knee cap)
Tibia
Fibula
Ribs
Tarsals
Humerous
Metatarsals
Sternum (breast bone)
Phalanges (fingers+toes)
Sacrum
Clavicle (collar bone)
Coccyx (tail bone)
Hyoid
Carpals
Skull
Metacarpals
Mandible (lower jaw)
Zygomatic (cheek bones)
Bone Remodeling
3.)fibrocartilage fills the gap between the ends of the broken bones
4.)Osteoclasts remove the excess
2.)large numbers of osteblasts invade the hemotoma and build spongy bone nearby
1.) bone breaks+blood vessel rutures wich causes the periosteum to tear then it forms into a hemotoma
Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints
Hinge: convex surfaces of a bone fits into a concave surface; allows movement in 1 plane (uniaxial)
Plane: articulating surface are nearly flat or slightly curved; sliding or twisting movement
Condylar: ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity; back and forth and side to side movements within 2 planes (biaxial)
Pivot: cylindrical surface rotates with in a ring of bone; only rotation around central axis (uniaxial)
Ball-and-socket: egg-shaped bone head; allows widest range of motion
Saddle: found between bones that have both concave and concex areas; variety of movements mostly in 2 planes
Joints
Cartilaginous: connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage : slightly movable
Synovial: diarthrotic (free movement)
Fibrous: most are immovable and a few are slightly movable
Difference between Male + Female Skeleton
Pelvic Cavity: Female pelvic cavity is wider
Pelvic Girdle: Female hip bones are lighter, thinner & have less evidence of muscular attachments
Sacrum: Female sacrum is wider and the sacral curvature is bent more
Coccyx: Female coccyx is more movable
Bone Fracture Repair
Techniques
Hybrid Fixator: uses metal pins to align the leg bone (internal)
Screws+plates: aligns bone parts
Rods, nails + wire : lighter + smaller
Cartilage grafts: taken by person's own bone marrow