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Diverse Societies in Africa - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Their search for food causes them to be somewhat nomadic.
        In the Efe society, women are the gatherers. They search the forest for roots, yams, mushrooms, and wild seeds. Efe men and older boys do all the hunting. Each family within the band makes its own decisions and is free to come and go. Group members settles arguments through long discussions. If conflicts cannot be settled by talking, a group member may decide to move to a different hunting band. Daily life for the Efe is not governed by formal written laws.
        
        To what might the Efe attribute their long success as hunter-gatherer society?
        
        Their ability to settle arguments by words and not use violence. By doing this they insure peace and people have free will within their family's.
        
        Social Systems
        
        Forest Foragers
        
        Describes a day in the life of a member of the Efe tribe
      - Other early Africans eventually learned to domesticate and raise a variety of animals for food. Called herders or pastoralists, these people kept cattle, goats or sheep.
        As among the Efe, each Masai family within a band makes its own decisions and is free to come and go. Multiple bands work together to oversee use of grazing and watering facilities.
        
        Why would complex settlements require more government than smaller communities?
        
        Because there are more people with differing opinions and motives you need to have a system in which the majority is happy with so it will function better. And with more people it makes it more complex and complicated because your goal is to try to try and keep everything at peace.
        
        Government Systems
        
        Some governments consisted of a village chief and a council of the leaders of individual family groups. As strong groups moved to extend their land and conquered weaker settlements, they centralized their power and their governments.
        
        Between 8000 and 6000 BC, the Sahara received increased rainfall and turned into a savanna. But about 6000 BC, the Sarah began to dry up again. To survive many early farmers moved east into the Nile Valley and south into West Africa.
        Agriculture drastically changed the way Africans lived. Growing their own food enabled them o build permanent shelters in one location.
        
        What happened to the pastoralists of the Sarah 8,000 years ago? Why did this happen?
        
        They moved to the rain forests and started farming and raising cattle. They did this because the Sarah was drying up again.
        
        Humans Didn't cause the Sarah to dry up
        
        Many believed the pastoralists were to blame for drying up the desert. But in reality they actually delayed the drying up of the desert by almost 500 years
- - - - Artifacts give clues as to how people lived back then, and the artifacts show how technologically advanced they were.
    - - The Not people were the earliest known culture in West Africa. Their artifacts were found for 300 miles between the Niger and Benue Rivers. They were also the first known africans to be able to smelt iron.
      - Why the Iron Age was important
      - Origins
  - - - Being able to make tools out of iron, being by the Niger River opened up lots of trade routes with other towns.
    - - The people of Djenné-Djeno had most likely outgrown the city, as it had become so advanced and such a popular place.
      - Djenné-Djeno Outgrowing
- - - - Aksum was first mentioned in a Greek guidebook, It is thought to have mentioned the first king Zoskales. Ask seized areas around the Red Sea, and Blue Nile in Africa
      - How was lineage important to stateless societies?
        
        In many African societies, extended families are very important. Lineage groups are comprised of people who share a common ancestry. Lineage groups play an important role in the governing of decentralized societies
        
        https://www.pintrest.com/pin/570338740279666391/
    - - Government Systems
    - - Aksums location and expansion made it a hub for caravan routes to Egypt and Monroe.
      - Access to sea trade on the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean helped Aksum become an international trading power
        
        Trade
      - Aksumite merchants traded necessities such as salt and luxuries such as rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold
        
        In return, they chose from items such as cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron, and copper.
    - - Aksum reached its heights between 325 AD and 360 AD, they had a pretty strong ruler named Ezana.
        
        Ezana conquered the Arabian Peninsula (Which is now Yemen.
        
        Ezana turned attention to the Kush, he conquered the Kush and burned Menroe to the ground
  - - - What were some religion beliefs of many early Africans
        
        Polytheism was a widespread in most of Acient Africa
        
        https://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/journy_1/p_1.html
    - - Why were oral traditions important in acient Africa
        
        Oral Traditions make it possible for a society to pass knowledge across gererations without writing.
        
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